The Value of Early Marriage in Islam Essay Example for Free

The Value of Early Marriage in Islam EssayBecause of Islams great love for sexual union, it has strongly accentuate that people get married as soon as possible. This is to a greater extent so for women, and the Prophet (s) and Imams (as) feature strongly emphasized that it is the responsibility of a set out to ensure that his daughters stimulate married as soon as possible. This is in order so that the woman may not spillage into fornication as a result of not being able to marry, and that this very spellant part of her life become dealt with as soon as possible. We see this reflected in the following ahadeeth1.It is a blessing for a man that his daughter does not menstruate in his home.1 2.The Prophet (s) said in a khutbah Jibrail came to me from the Subtle and cognizant one Allah (swt), and said Indeed, virgin girls ar like fruit on a tree. When you subscribe the fruit from a tree, then you do not have to fear that the sun bequeathing spoil it or that the wind allo w for scatter it away. Similar is the case when a women is taken in the way that they atomic number 18 taken meaning marriage. There is no remedy for this problem except that they take a preserve, and if they do not, then one will have to fear that they will become corrupted. Beyond this, Islam also believes that women have a stronger sexual urge then men, and that this urge should be satisfied at an early age. There argon numerous narrations, from both Sunni and Shia sources, that state that women have nine times as much sexual desire as men1.Imam Ali (as) said Allah the Mighty and canonised has created desire in tenner parts nine of these parts ar in women, and one part is in men. Had not Allah (swt) given more actor to her modesty than over these parts of desire, then every man would find himself with nine women attached to him. 2.Imam as-Sadiq (as) said Indeed, Allah the Mighty and Glorious has given women the patience of ten men. If a woman is fighting with you, then it is because she has been given the desire of ten men. 3.Imam as-Sadiq (as) said Women have been put forward with ninety nine percent of desire, however Allah has located modesty over them.As such, when a girl is new-fashioned, this force will be even stronger in her, and so it is more important that she not fall into sin. If a father is to be considered the guardian of his daughter, then it is one of his duties to make sure that she does not fall into sin by using his age and have it away to help find for her a proper hubby at an early age. It is even said of slave-masters that they should either marry their slave girls or find husband for them, and that if they fornicate, the sin will be on himself.However, Muslims have tended to forget this teaching of the Prophets (s) and Imams (as). The growth of a middle-class throughout the Muslim world has led families to become more concerned with their daughters education and work then with their spiritual life, and fear that if they ma rry their daughters at an early age, the girls will not be able to screw their education. Even if this were true, it would still be inexcusable to make it difficult for newborn girls to get married, for then one will be putting pressure on them to fornicate. The fact is that it is not true that girls will somehow fail in life if they marry at an early age. A woman can brace the demands of her marital life and her educational/professional life, and should be allowed and encouraged to do so.It is important, as well, that as girls enter adolescence, that Islam is not being used as a barrier upon them enjoying their life and fulfilling themselves sexually. When Muslim families put pressure on their daughters not to marry and seek to isolate them from this blessing of marriage, it is only natural that many young women will turn against practices like hijab and other aspects of Islam. Lack of satisfaction in the area of sex will lead to depression and frustration, which can manifest it self in a variety of ways. Parents should not only allow their daughters freedom in this regard, but should actively encourage them.The fact is that young men and women will unremarkably get together anyways, and a young woman may very well connect with a young man whose morals and character are less than satisfactory. By families openly involving themselves in this aspect of their daughters life from an early age, they can not only help their daughters to quickly find what they need in terms of their love life, but also help to guide their daughters to a marriage that will be beneficial for her, both emotionally, physically, and spiritually. When the parents refuse to help, however, then they are leaving their daughter to her own devices in finding a path to dealing with her sexuality. She may restrain herself until her family allows her to marry, or she may not. But at that stage, the family will not play any role in that decisiveness one way or the other.It is also the obligatio n of the family to make it easy for a husband to marry his daughter, and not place the kind of absurd demands upon a prospective husband that are made now. Filled by love of dunya, many families will only marry their daughter to a rich man with a PhD or several degrees in engineering or what have you. This, even more than the restrictions they place on their own daughters, creates a mischievous barrier on a young woman getting married, as it makes it impossible for her to find someone similar in age. Enormous dowries are another source of fitna in this regard, and this practice has been condemned in the ahadeeth1.The Prophet (s) said The best of womenare those who pray for low dories. 2.Imam as-Sadiq (as) states The blessed of women are those who ask for small living expenses, and the evil of them are those who are demanding in terms of living expenses.The practice of large dowries is even more haram, however, because it is approximately always done for the sake of show inside t he community, which is a form of shirkthat is most condemned in Islam. We see that, tragically, many families are involuntary to sacrifice the contentment of their daughter during her adolescence for the sake of their appearance in the community. It is interesting to note that most cases of huge dowry, the daughter had no interest in a large dowry. She would ask for something extremely small, or even want to wave it altogether. But then the family steps in and demands thousands upon thousands of dollars in dowry, and then forces the daughter to make a decision between her husband-to-be and her family.Usually she will choose the family, especially since the family will make all manner of threats about what will happen if she goes ahead with a marriage they dont approve of (Your uncle in Pakistan will kill himself, your father will lose his job, etc., etc., etc.) Nothing could be more reprehensible than for families to blackmail their daughters in this way, and it is a terrible caus e of fitna amongst the youth. We see that someulama in Iran today, such as Ayatullah Ibrahim Amini, have been very strong in condemning this practice, for they have seen how harmful it is to the spiritual state of the youth. galore(postnominal) famlies are under the deluded impression that if they make it impossible for their daughters to marry that the girls will simply sit tight until the permission and possibility of marriage comes. Certainly many do but of course, as is human nature, many dont. It is entirely possible that the sin of fornication may fall upon the heads of the people who prevented the young from marrying, rather than the young themselves. There is a story that a man was brought to Imam Ali (as) to be punished for fornication. He asked the man if he had been able to marry, and the man said that nix would allow him to marry, nor did he have the money to purchase a slave girl. Imam Ali (as) then let him go. The authenticity of this story is not verified, but the im port remains that a society that makes it impossible for the young to satisfy themselves sexually is responsible for the fornication that inevitably results.If the young cannot receive the blessing and assistance of their parents in this regard, then it is their duty to rebel against these pressures. We have discussed, elsewhere, the fact that it is not obligatory for a mature girl to seek the permission of her parents to marry, but merely recommended. A system of culture and overly conservative jurisprudence has combined to place barriers on the young, and the only way to break through this is for the young to, quite simply, rebel, and take the matter of marriage into their own hands. It is the right of every mature and sound-minded person to marry, and marriage is one of the greatest blessings of Islam. If the older generation are not willing to accept this fact, than it is upon the younger generation to break the chains that have been set upon them.

The Greatest Advantage Of Mass Media Media Essay

The Greatest Advantage Of Mass Media Media EssayThe greatest advantage of crapper media is the power to reach a commodious subject of people either around the world in a very short period of time. It plays an important role in our everyday lives. Mass media influences our likes and dislikes, opinions regarding a good deal important issues, views, demeanour, our values and our style. Its primary purpose is to inform, al unitary sympathiseing at it from the perspective of the viewer its main purpose is to entertain. On everyday basis children argon creation exposed to idiot box and what is on it. Unfortunately, ferocity has scoop outn both everyplace the frolic world non only on television, however also in video games and movies. For many years broad amount of strength in media has been of great concern non just for p atomic pattern 18nts, but also for researchers and psychologists. In this check my main focus is on the effects media violence has on children and how p argonnts can approach children to reduce the effect of media violence.Before we take a further tincture into meeting at the effects of violence in mass media let us define mass media. According to Lane, by definition, mass communication is a message created by a person or a group of people sent through a transmitting device (a medium) to a large audience or market.1To make it simpler mass media is radio, television, film, newspapers, internet, books, video games and other devices that reach and influence people all over the world.2 The three main functions of mass media argon to provide us with information and entertainment and allow us to kill boredom. As verbalize by Signorielli, the medium that is part of everyday life and nigh often used by us is the television. On average, or television congeal is on for more than seven hours each day. Children and older people are around likely to be exposed to more television than adolescents or adults.3 According to Signoriel li, the Center for Media and Public Affairs isolated physical violence on ten channels (ne devilrk, independents and c qualified) during one day. military force appeared most frequently during the afternoon (2 to 5 PM), with 191 acts per hour early morning (6 to 9 AM), with 158 acts per hour and prime time, with 102 acts per hour. 4 As said by Signorielli, most of the untrained acts that are on television whitethorn channel the message that in-your-face behaviors are not genuinely considered wrong. A lot of times characters who commit violence are not sorry for what they take for done and they do not face any consequences for their actions. Additionally, television usually does not show the existingism of violence and how things would turn out in real life for a person who has committed a criminal offense such as stealing or murder. Alot of times violence on television is rather presented in the context of humor and comedy. such messages may describem to be buy outable by viewers, e finically children, and make them think that it is all right to follow such battleful model behaviors.5 queryers, who take an interest in media violence, especially televised violence, and in how it influences children, have put forward four happeningsThe first and perhaps most important factor is observational learning, which refers to the exercise through which people learn to imitate role models and types of behavior, especially if the behavior is perceived as world rewarded. This do controlms to be at work not only in the imitation of televised aggression among children, but also in the influence of highly publicized murders, suicides, and prize fights among adults.The second factor is the change in attitudes that often occurs through television viewing. Studies have shown that children who watch substantial amounts of television are more likely than less avid viewers to accept aggressive behavior in other children. Other research suggests that violence on telev ision can cultivate attitudes of suspicion and images of an extremely violent world in the minds of its viewers.A third possible factor is physiological arousal, the idea that viewers are stimulated by ob dowry violence, to which they may nevertheless become desensitized over time, and that this arousal leads to, or is maintained by, subsequent aggressive activity.The fourth factor involves the process of justification. some(prenominal) people who watch televised violence may already function in violent behavior or possess aggressive tendencies, and may then find in television a form of justification for their actions.6________________________5 Nancy Signorielli, 33-34.6 Brent D. Ruben and Todd Hunt, Mass Communication. Consumers and Producers, ( new(a) York HarperCollinsCollege Publishers, 1993), 85-86.Looking at the above findings it can be concluded that violence in media has a huge effect on children, as well as on adults. But let us not jump to mop ups and take a closer look at these situations and permit a line them with greater attention to detail and with reference to facts.T present is a great controversy whether media violence has any impact on childrens behavior. A single conclusion has not been reached, but enough data has been gathered to give attention to many important facts. Researchers have been investigating the effects of mass media through two leading approachesThe survey is carried out in the real world and usually consists of a large group of individuals who answer questions put to them via a questionnaire A special kind of survey, a panel survey, allows researchers to be more confident well-nigh attributing patterns of cause and effect in survey data. The panel study collects data from the comparable people at two or more different points in time. As a result, it is possible, utilize sophisticated techniques that control the effects of other variables, to see if viewing televised violence at an early age is related to aggressive b ehavior at a later date.The experiment is performed in a research lab and usually consists of the controlled manipulation of a single factor to determine its impact on another factor. A special kind of experiment, a field experiment, is conducted in a real-life setting. Field experiments are more realistic than laboratory experiments but they are also harder to control.7Media violence has not just been a concern of parents, researchers and psychologists, but also of government. All the studies that have been conducted over the years have been done so through laboratory experiments and field studies. According to the article Research on the do of Media Violence, hundreds of studies conducted over the years proof that exposure to media violence causes children to behave more aggressively and affects them as adults years later.8 The article also mentions that in 1956, a laboratory experiment has been conducted on 24___________________________7 Joseph R. Dominick, The Dynamics of Mass Communication 3rd ed. (New York McGraw-Hill PublishingCompany, 1990), 530-531.8 Media Awareness Network, Research on the Effects of Media Violence, (2010),http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/effects_media_violence.cfm .children. Researchers have divided these children into two equal groups. The research focused on children watching television, in this case cartoons and their behavior afterwards. One of the groups watched an succession of Woody Woodpecker, which contained violent acts, and the other watched an episode of The Little Red Hen, which was poverty-stricken of violence. Afterwards all 24 children were taken into the same room to play. The researchers have find that boys and girls, who have seen, Woody Woodpecker, acted more violently than children that have seen the non-violent one. Children who have seen an episode of Woody Woodpecker were more violent toward other children and were the ones to break things. The article Research on the Effects of Media Violence mentions, Jeffrey Johnson, a professor at the University of Columbia, who for 17 years has observed 707 different families in upstate New York. He started in 1975 and concluded his studies in 2002. As a result he declared that boys and girls who were exposed to a few hours of television on daily basis were more likely to be aggressive as adults. He stated that 60 percent of those children were more likely to get into fights and be aggressive toward others.9 As stated by Hunt, over the years the government has commissioned studies to prove that media violence contributes towards aggressive behavior in children. In the 1960s two commissions have been set up by the government the National Commission on the Cause and Prevention of Violence and the Surgeon Generals Scientific Advisory Committee on TV and Social Behavior to take up studies in how media violence affects children. Two methods, laboratory experiments and field studies, were used in those studies. As a result it h as been resolute that viewing violence on TV contributes to violent or aggressive behavior in viewers. 10Going congest to what the researchers have found metalworker states that, observational learning, also known as social learning or modeling, is a form of learning in which people acquire new behavior by watching someone else perform that behavior. The person performing the behavior is known as the model, and the learner is known as the observer.11 Observational learning is the process of children imitating characters from TV and their behaviors. According to Dominick, the best known observational learning researcher is Albert Bandura and his experiment with a rubber doll called Bobo doll.12____________________________9 Media Awareness Network, http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/effects_media_violence.cfm .10 Brent D. Ruben and Todd Hunt, 83.11 S.E. Smith, What is observational learning?, (September 8, 2010),http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-observational-learning .htm.12 Joseph R. Dominick, 540.Through the experiment that has been conducted in the 1960s by Albert Bnadura and his co-workers showed that violence on TV and movies were serving as a school of violence.13 As stated by Dominick, in one of the experiments, that Bandura performed, preschool children were seated in front a film in which a person acted aggressively towards a rubber doll. Children who have seen the film and were placed in the same situation with the rubber doll acted quite more violently towards the doll than those children who have not seen the film before. In recent years a similar experiment has been conducted except this time a human being dressed as a clown took over the role of the rubber doll. A large number of children attacked the clown with aggression although it was a smaller number than in the case of the rubber doll. However, this only pertains to the children who have seen the film. Those who have not seen it did not take up such actions. It has also been concluded from this experiment that children who were inclined a prize for being aggressive and who saw that the people in the movie were also being rewarded for it were far more violent.14 This experiment showed that children imitate actions that they see on TV. They want to be and act alike because they think it is acceptable to do so. I think that parents play a large role here since it is their duty to talk to their children and help them distinguish right from wrong.To argue the other side of this experiment, Dominick states, there is some evidence to suggest that media violence may not be entirely responsible for aggressive behavior in children. To begin with, films that are made for such experiments, as the one with the Bobo doll, are produced especially for that experiment. They are often short in length and focus on a single situation. The film usually does not show the motives for that kind of action and the consequences that may take place after. The other point to consi der is the amount of violence that children were exposed to before since it may also have an impact on how they act. If they find themselves in a surrounding that is similar, they will feel more comfortable watching it and are more likely to behave aggressively.15Viewers who are exposed to a massive amount of media violence, according to Anderson, are more likely to think of the world as the place where violence is the only panache to get what we want and that it is composed of brutality and fear. Children who are in constant contact_______________________13 Joseph R. Dominick, 540.14 Joseph R. Dominick, 541.15 Joseph R. Dominick, 541.with media violence are more likely to accept violence in other children.16To better understand why violence in mass media may have an influence on children we have to look at the amount of time that children are being exposed to such mediums every day. In the previous(prenominal) few years, the amount of violence in mass media has greatly increased, and the amount of time that children spent in front of the television, playing video games and watching action shows.17 According to Shapley and the survey that has been conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation, todays kids are working the equivalent of a full-time job consuming media 7 hours and 38 minutes every day, on average. 18 These days it seems that media devices have taken over childrens lives, but that should not be a surprise since we live in a world filled with technological devices. It is more a matter of how much time parents allow their children to be exposed to such devices. Hutton stated that, the other thing that has been of great concern is that children have become masters of multitasking. They are able to divide their attention between two or more devices at the same time.19 Counting each device separately, these kids have found a way to cram in a total of 10 hours and 45 minutes of media content into those 7 and a half hours. 20 During that time children wil l sweetheart hundreds of violent acts and for many it will be difficult to tell the difference of what is real and what is fiction. According to the article Violence in Media Entertainment, two professors from Laval University, Guy Paquette and Jacques de Guise, have carried out a study from 1993 until 2001. They have examined various programs, including children programming, on six Canadian television networks. Their studies have shown that the number of violence acts on television has lift by 378 per cent that is between the years 1993 and 2001. Violence acts on television have not just increased in number, but also in quality. Media violence has become more brutal, bloodier, uglier and due to great technology more realistic.21Many times it is shown on TV that violence is a good and sufficient way to get what you______________________16Craig A. Anderson, et al., The Influence of Media Violence on Youth Vol. 4, No. 3 (December 2003),http//www.psychologicalscience.org/pdf/pspi/ps pi43.pdf .17Lindsay Hutton, The M2 Generation. Are Your Kids Too Dependent on the Media?http//life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html.18 Dan Shapley, Kids throw away Nearly 55 Hours a Week Watching TV, Texting, Playing Video Games, (January20, 2010) http//www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/latest/kids-television-47102701.19Lindsay Hutton, http//life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html.20 Lindsay Hutton, http//life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html.21 Media Awareness Network (2010), Violence in Media Entertainment,http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/violence_entertainment.cfmwant. According to the article How TV Affects your Children, youngsters are usually taught to copy the actions of good guys, but these good guys sometimes push themselves to violent acts themselves to achieve something. All parents teach their children that kicking, hitting or biting is wrong. On the other hand we see that television shows kids otherwise it shows them that it is acceptable for good guys to do so. Who are the children to believe? All this may lead children to become confused and disorientated. Since many children want to imitate their favorite TV characters they may push themselves to aggressive behaviors to get want they want, moreover, they may feel unsafe in their environment and fear that something bad may come their way. 22Children who are exposed to massive amounts of violence are less likely to feel any sympathy for victims of violent acts. They may get the impression that being a victim is all right. According to Cardwell and FlanaganUnder normal conditions, anxiety about violence inhabits its use. Media violence may, however, stimulate aggressive behavior by desensitizing children to the effects of violence. The more televised violence a child watches, the more acceptable aggressive behavior becomes for the child. Frequent viewing of television violence may cause children to be less glowing about violence. Therefore those who become desensitized to violence may perceive it as normal and be more likely to engage in violence themselves. 23Due to the massive exposure of media violence children become desensitized to real acts of violence. This exposure decreases the feeling of empathy and concern towards victims of real violence. Children, who watch tremendous amount of media violence, become deaf(p) to media violence and in the long run to the violence and victims of violence in real life.According to Gelletly and a study that Dr. David Satcher has conducted, Youth Violence A draw of the Surgeon General, media violence is a probable factor for acts of children violence. Gelletly also states that in some cases of violence there are similarities and imitations of movie characters that the children saw. Let us look at the year 1993, when a two-year-old child was kidnapped and murder by two eleven-year-old boys. This crime has occurred after the______________________22Kids Health from Nemours. How TV Affects Your Childhttp//kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child.html23 microphone Cardwell and Cara Flanagan , Psychology A2. A Complete Companion, (United Kingdom NelsonThomas LTD., 2004), 52.boys have seen the movie Childs Play 3. Those two eleven-year-old boys were imitating the main characters in the movie. To shortly summarize the movie is about two boys who try to kill a doll that is possessed by evil. Another incident happened in 1995, when a group of teenagers set a New York City subway employee on fire. This has been an imitation of a scene from a movie that has been released the same year as that incident took place. In 1998, a twelve-year-old from physician committed suicide leaving a letter citing a cartoon character, Kenny, from the show South Park. Another eleven-year-old hangs himself and it is believed that he has been triggered by Kennys character to do so. It was inform that a few days before his death he mentioned a cou ple of times that it is OK if he dies because he will be back and everything would be normal.24 In a way media should be blamed for all these incidents because we can see a definite connection between media violence and real-life. We do not know the true story behind these incidents and what really forced these children to commit such acts, but we can see that media violence had been an inspiration for them. Additionally, Gelletly states that, it would be a mistake to deny the fact that these copycat crimes are not in a small portion the result of media violence that children are being exposed to. 25Media violence and its influence have been of concern for decades. Somewhat cautiously it can be said that media violence has affected children in the past and still is. Levine stated that, there is no question that children learn from the television shows and movies they watch.26 By far media has the greatest influence on our children since children spend more of their free time exposed to mediums than enjoying the outside or studying. However, according to Levine, parents can take action and lower the exposure of their children to violence or take part in what they are watching.27Levine emphasis that the first step that parents should take is to limit the time that children sit in front of the television or spend time using other mediums, but most importantly parents should be a part of what their children watch. Studies have shown that shows and moviesthat children watch do not grab their parents attention.28 Less than half of all parents monitor__________________24 LeeAnne Gelletly , Violence in the Media, (Michigan Thomson Gale Corp, 2005), 62-65.25 LeeAnne Gelletly 62-65.26 Madeline Levine, See No Evil. A Guide to Protecting Our Children from Media Violence, (San FranciscoJossey-Bass Publishers 1998), 199.25 Madeline Levine, 199.28 Madeline Levine, 206-207.their childs television viewing. 29 Levine stated that, the only concern that parents have when it come s to watching television is the time their children stay up. It is impossible for parents to sit at all times with their children and watch television, but at least parents should get a sense of what their children are watching.30 Once parents are somewhat aware of what their children like and are interested in, they can create a plan to help their child avoid the worst of what TV offers and enjoy the best. 31 If parents get the opportunity to watch television with their children they should bring up discussions about what they are watching. As said by Levine, the discussion could focus on how the cartoon character or the actor could solve its problems without the use of violence. Many times television avoids showing the consequences of violent behavior of its actors. This could encourage a discussion on what consequences would there be in real life.32 Parents should help their children understand right from wrong and help them realize that violence is not the answer to our problem s and that what they see on television is not always acceptable in real life.Over the years hundreds of studies have been conducted and have shown that aggressive behaviors that children develop are the results of media violence that children have soaked up over the years. The massive amounts of violence that children are exposed to everyday make them think that violence is an efficient way in solving their problems and it may lead to real-life violence. Television has become the number one medium of visual violence. As it has been mentioned above children watch the same amount of television as if they were working a full-time job. The use of mediums takes up most of the time that children have for themselves during the day and the time that they should spend on other activities. Violence is everywhere whether in cartoons, movies, news, or the Internet it has taken over the entertainment world and the world of our children. Parents should place boundaries at the amount of time that their children spend watching TV and limit the amount of media violence in their lives and most importantly encourage discussions on media violence. Parents should not use mediums as babysitters and they should pay attention to what their children watch, play or what websites they view online._______________________29 Madeline Levine, 207.30 Madeline Levine, 208.31 Madeline Levine, 208.32 Madeline Levine, 208.

Structural Engineering Centrifugal Pump Test Laboratory Engineering Essay

Structural Engineering Centrifugal ticker assay Laboratory Engineering EssayThis motif examines the outward-moving sum. foremost by examining the ashes draw characteristic, then by examining the effects vary the take induce has on a single inwardness. Finally the report examines and comp ars the mapping of two affectionatenesss in serial and then in double.theoretically examination of the clay compass invest characteristic should yield a graph of corpse compass point against volume track downrate which is curved, the curve should begin above zero from the y axis, due to static lift.Theoretically examination of the effect of varying force speed across a corpse of a single manage should immortalize that high tug speeds lead to higher(prenominal) efficiency in the pump system on with larger alternates of major power across the system, and a larger downfall in stage cling tos.Finally comparison of a system with two pumps consumptiond in series and in p arallel should show that the method used will not have an effect on the efficiency of the system. However it should also show that the system in series has twice the headspring values of that in parallel and that the system in parallel has twice the volume liquefyrate values of the system in series. Overall they should have the homogeneous Mass liquify.Upon comparison of the results obtained with theory, it is evident that for the most part, the experimental results agree with theory. Any minor disagreements between theory and experimentation will be explained in the discussions and conclusions section of this report.This report serves to display knowledge and understanding of the operation of a centrifugal pump gained from completion of the experiment.IntroductionThe direct of this laboratory is to study the operation and performance of a centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pumps are an example of a fluid machine. Fluid machines are devices that transfer cogency to or from a flui d. Fluid machines include pumps, fans and compressors. This experiment deals with a pump.Pumps are devices used to move gases or liquids from lower to higher ram. The difference in compel is overcome by adding nil to the system. Specifically, centrifugal pumps operate by converting gyrational kinetic energy into hydro dynamic energy. The rotational energy is typically supplied by an railway locomotive or electric aim or turbine.Centrifugal Pumps are an important machine to study from an engineering point of view as they are real widely used as a means of delivering liquids. Centrifugal pumps are used in fields such as sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping.For the purpose of this report the centrifugal pump was studied in terms of its performance when a single pump was used and also when two pumps were used (both in series and in parallel). The purpose being to highlight the effects this had on results. The system characteristic was also investigated. The overall purpose of this experiment is to give a wagerer understanding and insight into how this fluid machine starts. Below is an image of a centrifugal pump. A greater insight into how it operates and an explanation of the function of the various move will be provided later in the report.http//www.pumpfundamentals.com/images/closed_impeller.gifFigure 1 Centrifugal Pump Diagram 1ObjectivesThe primary aim of this laboratory is to gain a better understanding of pumps, in particular the centrifugal pump. Insight is gained into the principles of operation of a centrifugal pump and the process through which a pump transfers energy to a fluid system.There are three parts to this experimentTo ascertain the system characteristic for the fluid system on which the pump operates.To determine the performance of a single pump relative to motor speed.To determine (for a fixed motor speed) the performance of two centrifugal pumpsOperating in series (ii) Operating in parallelTheoryBasic theory and workings of Centrifugal pumpAs previously stated, the principle operation of a centrifugal pumpis to convert fluid velocity into pressure energy.The pump is made up of three components the inlet duct, theimpeller, and the volute.http//htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/4sp8x32v9cejngi/images/4-dd8b7539b4.jpgFigure 2 Centrifugal Pump Diagram 2Fluid enters the inlet duct (D).As the shaft (A) rotates, the impeller (B), which is connected to the shaft, alsorotates.The impeller consistsof a number of bladesthatproject the fluid outward when rotating.This centrifugal force gives the fluid a high velocity.Next, the moving fluid passesthrough the pump case (C)and then into the volute (E).The volute chamberhas a uniformly increasing area.This increasingarea decreases the fluidsvelocity, which converts thevelocity energy into pressure energy. 2Determining the System CharacteristicThe first step of the experiment is to identify the system characteristic of the pump.When a pump is fitted in a system, it is strain ed so as to ensure that the volume flow-rate and head of the pump are within demand specifications. The Volume flow rate empennage be defined as the volume of the fluid that passes through a given surface per unit time, and the head of the pump is a measure of the fluid energy.In order to do this we must find the pump head and the volume flow rate. We then fleck the pump head (expressed in metres) against the volume flow rate (expressed in m3/s). This should yield a curve.The system head characteristic is dependent on static lift which is associated with change in elevation of the fluid, contraction or expansion of the fluid associated with acceleration and deceleration of the fluid, and the losses within the system. Below is a notional graph, showing how the curve should appear.http//www.climatechange.gov.au/what-you-need-to-know/appliances-and-equipment/electric-motors/system-optimisation/optimising-pump-and-fan-applications//media/Images/electric-motor/system-curve.ashx?w=447 h=324as=1Example graph for system head characteristic3When a pump is attached to a system the operating(a) point occurs when the pump head hpump equals the system head hsystem. The optimum operating conditions occur when the required duty point of head and flow intersects the operating point and the excogitate point, the point of maximum efficiency. hotshot Centrifugal Pump CharacteristicsThe next aspect of the experiment is to determine the performance of a single pump as a function of motor speed. The performance of a pump is generally mapped by plotting pump head (hpump), galvanic power (P electrical) and pump efficiency (pump) as a function of the volume flow rate Q through the pump.The use of a single pump is investigated for three variant motor speeds, measuring the effect varying the motor speed has on pump head, electrical power and efficiency. These values are then plotted on a graph against the volume flow rate.Theoreticallyhigher(prenominal) speeds yield higher efficie ncyHigher motor speeds lead to a larger change in power across the system.Higher motor speeds yield higher head values (expressed in metres).Double Centrifugal Pump CharacteristicsThe final aspect of this experiment is the investigation of the effects of the use of two centrifugal pumps on the system. The pumps are placed in series and then in parallel. Both systems, i.e. the pump system which is in series and that which is in parallel are set to the same motor speed. In both cases head, electrical power and efficiency are measured and plotted against volume flow rate. The graph for the system in series can then be compared to the graph for the system in parallel, in order to study and compare the different systems.Centrifugal pumps both in series are used to overcome larger system head loss than one pump can delay alone, whereas centrifugal pumps in parallel are used to overcome larger volume flows than one pump can handle alone.4When running in series, the heads are added and the total capacity is equal to that of the pump with the smallest capacity, whereas in parallel, the capacities of the pumps are added, and the head of all pumps will be equal at the point where the discharged liquids recombine.5Theoretically whether the system is in series or in parallel shouldnt affect the efficiency of the system.Experimental MethodsEquipment Used-The primary piece of equipment used was the centrifugal pump, a little explanation of its operation can be found in the theory section of this report (see page 6).We also use a differential pressure transducer, which is a type of pressure sensor.We use a computer to measure and record data.Methods-System tribal chief Characteristic candid valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2.Close valve V3 which connects the spillage pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2Open valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1.Open the discharge valve V5 to round 75% of its fully ope ned position.Disconnect the low pressure line connecting differential pressure transducer to upstream of pump 1.Record the motor speed, the discharge volume flow rate, the pressure measured by the differential pressure transducer and the system head.Increase the speed of motor 1 incrementally, at distributively increment repeat the above step and continue to do so until the motor speed had reached its maximum.Plot the system head characteristic against volume flow rate.Single PumpOpen valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2.Close valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2Open valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1.Close fully the discharge valve V5. tempered the speed of the motor connected to pump 1 using the motor speed controller to 45 HzRecord the Volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency pump.Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened.Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed.Repeat the procedure for motor speeds of 35 and 40Hz.Double PumpIn SeriesOpen valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2.Open valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2.Close valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1.Close fully the discharge valve V5.Set the speed of the both motors connected to pump 1 2 to 45 Hz using the motor speed controller.Record the volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency pump.Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened.Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed.In ParallelOpen valve V1 and close valve V2 located in the inlet pipelines to pumps 1 and 2.Open valve V3 connecting the outlet pipeline from pump 1 to the inlet pipeline to pump 2.Close valve V4 located in the outlet pipeline from pump 1.Close fully the discharge valve V5.Set the speed of the both motors connected to pump 1 2 to 45 Hz using the motor speed controller.Record the volume flowrate Q, the pump head hp, the electrical power consumed Pelectrical and the pump efficiency pump.Open valve V5 incrementally, at each increment repeating the above step and continuing until the valve is fully opened.Plot pump head, electrical power and efficiency against volume flow rate Q at that motor speed.Experimental ResultsSystem characteristic for the fluid systemBelow is the circuit card of results for the last of the system characteristic for the fluid systemMotor speed N (Hz)Vol FlowrateQ(m3/s)Psystem PaHsystem (m)1400.7160.123333210.1886673.2230.376667250.3683334.2966670.486667320.4776676.9110.753333350.5456678.4506670.91390.64766710. 061671.073333420.71412.711671.346667470.79633314.931671.573333The graph for the system characteristic (Hsystem against Volume flowrate) is belowGraph 1 (System Characteristic)Single Pump rivuletSingle Pump Test for Motor Speed 45 Hz-Below is the defer of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 45HzVol Flowrate Q(m3/s)Head (m) dexterity %world power W08.7866670109.943308.4433330109.0507.1166670116.863306.980130.533307.3066670163.250.2463337.329.7181.88670.3326677.18666711.9197.020.4273337.01666714.3205.64670.5376.83333315.93333226.07330.6196676.3816.53333234.21330.7383335.87666717.1249.18670.7813335.70333316.76667260.4133The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 45Hz are belowTotal Motor powerfulness (W)Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 40Hz-Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 40 HzVol Flowrate Q(m3/s)Head (m)Efficiency % post W06.2518680128.01310.3763335.40666710.96667178.87330.555.1913.4208.57670.6754.70666 713.7226.72670.73354.52513.7237.915The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 40Hz are belowTotal MotorPower (W)Single Pump Test for Motor Speed 35 Hz-Below is the table of results for the single pump test at a motor speed of 35 HzVol Flowrate Q(m3/s)Head (m)Efficiency %Power W0.0544.7224341.633333118.00140.3056674.2766677.066667170.90.5923.659.666667218.180.6323333.5466679.666667226.31670.6303333.3433339.166667225.1767The corresponding graphs for the single pump test at motor speed 35Hz are belowTotal Motor Power (W)Double Pump TestSystem in series-Below are the results of the triplex pump test for a system in series-Vol Flowrate Q(m3/s)Head (m)Efficiency %Power Motor 1 (WPower Motor 2 (W)Total Motor Power (W)018.213330109.293355.99165.2833015.380128.416754.69183.10670.25566714.8033315.16667181.316762.82667244.14330.4314.3866723.5201.006757.37258.37670.53766713.7066726.7218.6751.43270.10.61866713.0826.86667240.396754.44333294.840.73033311.6526.96667256.186752 .89667309.08330.8526679.82666725.06667272.623354.68667327.310.8833339.86333325.16667278.1660.62667338.7867The corresponding graphs for the double pump test for a system in series are belowTotal Motor Speed (W)System in parallel-Below is the table of results for the double pump test for a system in parallelVolume Flowrate Q (m3/s)Head (m)Efficiency (%)Motor Power 1 (W)Motor Power 2(W)Total Motor Power (W)09.196670111.32763.8833175.210.2777.611134.84752.49187.33670.471677.6717.3144.77360.1367204.910.5987.4166720.1333152.91762.7467215.66340.720337.3366722.8333165.44361.28226.72330.836337.3966727171.0653.3867224.44670.970337.1166727.7191.24352.7333243.97661.116336.8528.3667201.33762.7433264.081.297676.7066731.9667210.61356.2367266.851.376676.3329.9667228.59755.6633284.261.5546.0266730.9241.2159.4867300.69671.630335.7330244.1460.7933304.9333The corresponding graphs for the double pump test for a system in parallel are belowTotal Motor Power (W)Discussion ConclusionsThis section of the r eport contains a discussion of the results obtained along with conclusions drawn from say results and also where necessary, comments regarding any unexpected values.System Head CharacteristicThe first part of the experiment was stocked in order to attain a system head characteristic curve. Volume flowrate, measured in m3/s, was mapped against Head, which is measured in metres. We would expect this to yield a smooth curve starting above the zero strike off form the y- axis, in order to allow for static lift in the pump system.As expected the system head characteristic was found to be a curve, starting slightly above the zero mark on the y axis, because for the most part, results were conclusive with theory. However there is one var. between expected results and the actual results obtained, as the curve is not entirely smooth.Some possible reasons for the slightly irregular shape of the curve areSingle Pump TestThe second part of this experiment was to investigate the effect chan ging motor speed has on a pump. In order to conduct this investigation pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical), pump efficiency (pump) and volume flowrate (Q) were measured for a variety of motor speeds. Then hpump, Pelectrical and pump were mapped against Q for each motor speed. The reason for this being to highlight the effects changing motor speed has on the centrifugal pump system. We expect firstly that higher motor speeds yield higher efficiency, secondly that higher motor speeds lead to a larger change in power across the system and finally that higher motor speeds yield higher head values.Upon studying the results of the experiment we can see that they match up with theory.Efficiency-Theory- Efficiency, simply put, refers to how well a pump can convert one form of energy into another. In this case how well the pump converts rotational kinetic energy into hydrodynamic energy. The overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump is defined as the ratio of the water (output) power to the shaft (input) power. By increasing the speed at which the motor rotates the shaft, the shafts power is increased, therefore the value of efficiency is increased.Results- Higher motor speeds did in the case of this experiment did yield higher values for efficiency. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the highest efficiency value obtained was approximately 16.7%, for a motor speed of 40Hz Hz the highest efficiency value obtained was approximately 13.7% and finally for the lowest motor speed used, 35Hz, highest efficiency was approximately 9.16%.Power Change-Theory- Power can be defined as a work/time ratio. The work in the case of this experiment is the rotation of the shaft by the motor, which in turn creates a centrifugal force in the water. For a faster motor speed, the shaft rotates faster, meaning that more work is done per unit time. This means a greater rise in the power value.Results- In this experiment, as expected, higher motor speeds yielded larger changes in power acr oss the system. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the rise in power in across the system was approximately 150.47 watts. For a motor speed of 40 Hz the rise in power in across the system was approximately 109.9 watts. Finally, for the lowest motor speed used, 35 Hz, the change in power in across the system was approximately 107.18 watts.Head-Theory- Head is the height at which a pump can raise water up. The higher the value of pressure, the higher the value of head will be. Since raising rotational speed strongly affects pressure loss of a fluid, we can see that it also affects head loss. Results- In this experiment, as expected, higher motor speeds lead to a greater loss in head (measured in metres) across the system. For a motor speed of 45 Hz the drop in head across the system was approximately 3.09 metres. For a motor speed of 40 Hz drop in head across the system was approximately 1.727 metres. Finally, for the lowest motor speed used, 35 Hz, drop in head across the system was approxim ately 1.38 metres.Double Pump TestThe final part of the experiment was to investigate (for a fixed motor speed) theperformance of two centrifugal pumps firstly operating in series and secondly operating in parallel. The two results for the system in series and for the system in parallel could then be compared. In order to conduct this investigation pump head (hpump), electrical power (Pelectrical), pump efficiency (pump) and volume flowrate (Q) were measured, firstly for the system in series and secondly for the system in parallel.Theoretically, when both systems are set at the same motor speed, the pump in series should have twice the Head value of the system in parallel, whereas the system in parallel should have twice the volume flowrate of the system in series. Meaning that both systems end up with the same mass flow. Whether the pumps are in series or in parallel should have no effect on the efficiency of the system.Head-Theory-Results- As expected the system in series has appr oximately twice the head value of the system in parallel. (Series18.22m Parallel 9.2m)Volume Flowrate-Theory-Results- As expected the system in parallel has approximately twice the volume flowrate value of the system in series. (Series 0.883 Parallel 1.63)Mass Flow-Theory-Results-Efficiency-Theory-Results-

McDonalds Global Expansion

McDonalds Global ExpansionCompanies all everyplace the globe are looking for for expansion and expressions of entering new markets which are profitable through different entry modes (Deresky, 2006). Managers look at different strategies that fecal matter be employ to exposit internationally (Deresky, 2006). There are many reasons for companies to go globose or expand overseas. There are reactive and proactive reasons for the same. Increased global competition, customer needs, potential opportunities, declining contradictory trade barriers, change magnitude expenses in domestic markets are some of the reactive reasons for companies going global. To achieve economies of scale, expanding base for growth and profits, embody savings, access to different resources are some of the proactive reasons for companies going global (Deresky, 2006). An example of a company which looked to expand beyond its borders is McDonalds, unitary of the around prospering companies in hurt of i mplying international strategies successfully.2.0 Company OverviewMcDonalds, the most renowned unwaveringly food chain of the world, started in 1955 by a visionary named Raymond Kroc (McDonalds The Ray Kroc Story, 2010-2011). Kroc play a significant role in revolutionizing the fast food industry in America and currently Mc Donalds is serving over 60 one million million customers in over 117 countries on a daily basis (McDonalds The Ray Kroc Story, 2010-2011). The company has a global brand note value and worldwide recognition. It is one of the most widely recognized icons of the world in the fast food restaurant industry.By reaching saturation levels in the United States, McDonalds looked to expand internationally amidst increasing regulations. But they approached with a strategy by controlling standardized products, clean and green environments and American origin. With experience, localization started increasing and the entire model was redone to appeal the localites of the unusual country. This strategy has been a turnaround point for McDonalds but it has thed potential of losing brand equity in the future (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007).Inspite of an American base, McDonalds respects the markets, cultures, beliefs and likings of otherwise nations. Customers identify with the brand name and the Golden Arches are recognized not only in America but in foreign countries as well(p) (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007).4.1 Franchise ModelMcDonalds franchising process is that of a strategic network (Hitt, et.al 2007). Around 85% of the restaurants are operated by franchisees. McDonalds follows a standardized dance band of procedures across all its restaurants in terms of quality, service, cleanliness and value propositions. Basically, the central control is in its headquarters where different financial and strategic controls are used to reach value for the entire network (Hitt, et.al 2007).5.0 Expansion Strategies in divergent countries1. CHINA The strat egy used by McDonalds in chinaware is quite different from the way the restaurants are otherwise negotiated in the United States. The prime reason for the success of McDonalds in China is the involvement of McDonalds to adapt to Chinese Culture. Local people manage the operations in McDonalds in China, thereby reaching issue in an easier way to the locals of the country. Additionally, the managements ability in Europe slowly changed the taste of the Asian consumers towards fast food which is an unusual aspect of the Chinese culture. Locals in China responded positively to the fast food concept of McDonalds thereby making the investment in China a successful one. Some of the other ways the approach in China was different as compared to the United States was that McDonalds customized the menu by adding teriyaki burger which gave locals the flavour of their indigene food taste (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). Customization of products to suit local needs is a key factor that shoul d be considered in the global expansion plan.2. atomic number 16 Africa A relatively unique strategy has been used by McDonalds to manage customers where they can enjoy their meal while shopping and playing. This approach is used in highly populated areas with busy lifestyles of southeastern Africa. Additionally, the drive-through approach works well in the South African region. Therefore, there are superior number of drive-through as compared to Australia and United States. This particular facility gives McDonalds an upper hand in South Africa. The base of the approach is to provide comfort to the customers in shopping malls, towns and other areas. Different marketing strategies are used to attract people from different sections of the society. The returns for McDonalds in South Africa have surpassed the initial targets of turnover and profits. With over 90 branches in South Africa, employment opportunities are high for local people and are expected to rise. Furthermore, McDonal ds is currently using the vertical integration approach to improve its productivity with expeditious software packages. All these factors contribute to the high revenues and with advanced software systems the aim is to enhance bottom line as well ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007).3. brazil nut McDonalds opened its first branch in Brazil in 1979. The franchise model has been successfully used in Brazil and the management team has been praised for arranged performance and high standards of quality. One of the accolades received by McDonalds in Brazil is the Hallmark of Quality. One of the challenges that exist for McDonalds in Brazil is bankruptcy because of which it is difficult to realise the expenses on a monthly basis. Inspite of the fast growth in Brazil, franchisees have difficulty in reducing costs ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007).4. Saudi Arabia some other example of adaptation to the local culture is the way McDonalds has managed the business in Saudi Arabia. McDonalds c loses five times in the day for prayers and they do not serve pork to respect the Islamic culture in Saudi Arabia. There are some exclusive outlets of McDonalds in the Holy City of Makkah which serve to Islamic customers only with only Muslim staff in every department ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007).5. India The approach to adapt locally to the country has been a highlighting for McDonalds success. In India, the menu is highly customized to suit the Indian tastes and this justifies the inclusion of aloo tikki and paneer burgers. The Big Mac becomes Maharaja Mac in India and another highlight of the menu is having discriminate vegetarian kitchens with separate utensils and cooks. This feature has been particularly taken care off for making sure that the needs and requirements of the vegetarian population are fulfilled ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007).6.0 organizational capabilitiesorganisational capabilities look at a firms ability to manage resources in order to gain sustain able competitive advantage (Hitt, et.al 2007). The internal analysis of the firm are carried out to understand its strengths and weaknesses either which are existing or are potentially going to exist in the future as compared to its competitors (Deresky, 2006).6.1 Strengths of McDonalds1. Adaptability It is one of the major strengths of McDonalds. Customization of activities and menu to suit local needs is the single most factor contributing to its success. This takes care of blending with the local culture and values of the foreign country. McDonalds is an example of a company which is centralized in its core but still customizes the menu and the operational activities for local needs.2. Innovation With wide variety of options procurable from snack wraps to coffee to burgers to McCafe, McDonalds is very innovative with reference to its products. Also, the processes or the way every country operations are managed are innovative in a way that they are suited to fulfill the local nee ds.3. Corporate Social Responsibility McDonalds has broadcasts for having a better society. Some of the programmes they have are the greener than ever programme recycle, renew programme animal welfare program to name a few. McDonalds believes in having sustainable supply chain consisting of 3 ES Ethical Responsibility, environmental Responsibility and Economic Responsibility (Sustainable Supply Chain, 2010-2011).4. Marketing The McDonalds logo is a popular one amongst children and adults all across the globe. This compliments the marketing efforts which are carried out through market analysis thereby giving positive returns to McDonalds.6.2 Weaknesses1. Customer Service Long queues, insufficient employees at the counters are frustrating for customers and many times the employees are rude in terms of their behaviour with customers.2. Currency fluctuations When companies go global, there is always a risk associated with currencies as they keep fluctuating found on the markets. This c an cause difference in planned returns for McDonalds.3. Franchisees Challenges There is an increase in the fee that franchisees have to pay to McDonalds thus resulting in exchange of the businesses and dissatisfied franchisees.Additionally, it is important to understand the opportunities and threats that potentially exist for McDonalds to consolidate its global position in the fast food industry.6.3 Opportunities1. Expansion Even though it serves over 60 Million people on a daily basis that accounts for just about 1% of the worlds total population. There are a peck of emerging markets particularly in the BRIC countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China.2. Increase in fast food category Based on statistics from Euromonitor, there is a growing demand for fast food. For example In Australia, sales of fast food grew by 7% in terms of value in 2008 to reach A$ 10,921 Million. This demand is increasing due to stressful lifestyles and constant time pressures (Consumer lifestyles- Australia, 2009).3. Growing need for drive through facilities Drive through facilities is highly visible in South Africa. They can look at expanding these facilities in other parts of the world with dense populations.6.4 Threats1. Competition With globalisation and increased number of companies looking to expand internationally, it is a challenge for McDonalds to keep up to or enhance its already existing powerful status in the market.2. Unexpected circumstances Uncertainties such as natural calamities, unexpected diseases can affect the smooth flow of activities for McDonalds in terms of procurement of goods and food contents which can decline the sales drastically.7.0 Organizational Structure to support the international StrategyWhile understanding the organizational capabilities and the external environment, it is crucial to understand the organizational structure of McDonalds.McDonalds sets an exemplary example of a company which implements global strategy and a centralized org anizational structure. With operations in over 120 countries and a huge number of 31,000 restaurants, McDonalds procures its food and advancement from the same set of suppliers. It shows the uniformity of a branch in United States and India. The decision making takes place centrally in the United States (Hebert, 2011).In terms of the way McDonalds organizational structure is oriented, it is relatively organized in terms of how the growth and expansion takes place internationally. But to fulfill the ever changing customer demands and customization strategies in every country, the structure needs to be a combination of centralized and decentralized forms. It also means the structure is relatively a go of formal and informal forms which is quite a challenge to manage successfully.8.0 RecommendationsAs described in the above sections, McDonalds has huge potential in global markets to imperil out in different areas specially the BRIC countries. As these cities are the centre of resear ch and growth opportunities, McDonalds should focus their internationalization in these areas much more than they are currently doing. McDonalds should focus on high and low areas of population, reaching out to more and more sections of the society.Joint ventures can be taken up with effected companies in foreign countries with inclusions of coffee shops, bakery, internet access add-ons in all high profile metropolitan cities McDonalds currently have restaurants. For example in Germany, McDonalds has a tie up with T mobile for hot spots. McDonalds should work on increasing these facilities in a lot of high profile, metropolitan cities across the world. McDonalds can look at diversifying into other areas of food industry for example McDonalds Hotel in Zurich is a distinctive venture.The road ahead for McDonalds should be to increase the nutritive value of the burgers and look at certain health aspects to control the increasing waistlines among children because of high consumption of fast foods especially burgers (Consumer lifestyles- Australia, 2009). They should look at improving their customer go at the counters by avoiding long queues and providing high levels of customer satisfaction.9.0 CONCLUSIONMcDonalds is the number one brand in the fast food industry. They have successfully apply international strategies where in they have used localization and customization processes to adapt to the foreign countries along with maintaining its American origin by having centralized procedures as well. The organizational structure is in sync with the strategy used by McDonalds to be ahead of its competitors. It is challenging for managers to consistently keep in pace with the right balance of centralizing and decentralizing the operations. Even though weaknesses and threats exist, the strengths and opportunities make it a strong player in the market in the fast food industry.

The Trail of Tears Essay -- Native Americans, Indians, Women

Throughout history the United States was involved in some form of racial dispute. During the Trail of crying in particular, the Native Americans were the ones forced to live under White rule. Until the year 1828 the Cherokee rights belonged to the Federal Government. In the same year Andrew Jackson was elected the next prexy of the United States, and soon the Native Americans would be a part of the next generation racial targeting. On September 15, 1830, representatives of the United States and the Chiefs of the tribes met to discuss a amount just recently passed by Congress. In 1830 the Indian Removal Act was put into play. This Act stated Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in congress assembled to cause so much of any territory belonging to the United States, west of the river Mississippi, not included in any state or organized territorys and to white the Indian title has been extinguished , as he may judgo necessary, to be d ivided into a suitable reckon of districts, for the reception of such tribes or nations of Indian...

The American Dream in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun :: A Raisin in the Sun

The American Dream in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry is about lifespan the American Dream. Hansberry wrote her story in 1959. The American Dream that she describes and the one that currently exists are vastly different. In 1959, the dream was to work hard and bed a comfortable life. Americans believed that you would live a good life as long as you had your family and had food on the table. Lets fast forward to 2003. The American Dream is to have two cars, a glamorous house, a pool, a 40 hour a week job, and slews of stuff. I define stuff as material possessions such as DVDs, video games, and TVs. When did the dream go from being blissful to having tons of material possessions?I am devising a tipping point strategy to change the American Dream back to having a close affinity with your family, working hard, and being happy. By changing the dream, Americans will be happier and have less stress in their life. The new American Dream is strongly sculptured into the minds of society. It will be difficult to tip back the other way. The change will not happen suddenly. It can whole happen slowly, and over a long period of time. The change from Hansberrys dream and the current dream also took years to change. The Law of the Few plays a huge role in changing the dream. To tip the dream in the better direction, some people that are influential in society need to adopt this dream as their own. If a man as successful as Bill Gates decided that he wanted a more laid back, it would do a great deal to attract others to do so as well. In retrospect, if I adopted this dream, no one would care. Bill Gates is considered a connectedness in our society. He has done much to improve our technology. That is why he would be more likely to cause a social epidemic than I would.The second factor that would have to be dealt with in changing the American Dream is the stickiness factor. Lets use Bill Gates as the ensample again. If he went on TV proclaiming that he was a billionaire, no one would listen. Even if they did listen, they would not remember. If Gates went on TV and said he was only going to work part time and he was going to give most of his money to charity, people would listen.

The Effect of High Frequency Trading Systems on Financial Markets Essay

Whilst liquidity plays a central role in the functioning of financial markets, it is volatility that can be truly detrimental. Despite most universal agreement among pedantics that HFT improves prices for investors and dampens volatility in equity markets, since the 6th of May 2010 the sector has come under intense scrutiny from regulators. On a daytime described as the Flash Crash, the U.S stock market experienced one of the most severe price drops in its history. In the matter of cinque minutes, the Dow Jones Industrial Index declined by 900 points, and then recouped the balk of those losses within the next 15 minutes. This unprecedented and unexplained volatility has fired public reckon ever since.In the aftermath of the US Flash Crash, regulators were quick to pin blame on HFT. Within a week the chairman of the US Securities and Exchange Commission determined there was evidence that professional liquidity providers pulled out of the market when shares started declining exac erbating the fall. Perhaps irrationally, policymakers without any significant evidence hope HFTs pull out of markets at signs of stress, contributing to a sudden loss of liquidity and promoting volatility (Grant, 2011).Moreover, Andrew Haldane points to the flash crash whens he determines that the ever increasing recreate of trading is amplifying volatility. In my opinion, in the aftermath of the financial crisis when regulators received so much criticism, I believe they feel they must act immediately, even if they come int know the true problem. I consider this evident from calls for increased HFT regulation from US Senator Charles Schumer, who bases his opinion on recent modernistics reports (Zerohedge. 2010), rather than academic research or scientific re... ...ttp//blogs.wsj.com/marketbeat/2009/12/08/volcker-praises-the-atm-blasts-finance-execs-experts/. Last accessed 04/12/11.Jones, R. (2010). Institutional Investor Flash Crash and CyberWar. Available http//hftsecurityrisk .com/category/flash-crash-specific/. Last accessed 04/12/11.Pagnotta, E & Philippon, T. (2010). The public assistance Effects of Financial Innovation High Frequency Trading in Equity Markets. Available https//editorialexpress.com/cgi-bin/conference/download.cgi?db_name=SED2011&paper_id=1246. Last accessed 04/12/11.Mackenzie, M & Demos, T. (2011). Fears linger of new flash crash. Available http//www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d18f3d28-7735-11e0-aed6-00144feabdc0.htmlaxzz1fPJAVyJm. Last accessed 04/12/11.Geithner, T. (2007). Liquidity and Financial Markets. Available http//www.newyorkfed.org/newsevents/speeches/2007/gei070228.html. Last accessed 05/12/11.