The History Of Capital Punishment Criminology Essay

The History Of superior Punishment Criminology Essay end-to-end the ages swell penalisation has been an extremely controversial emerge. Some whitethorn emphasize it is needed in order to serve as an example to opposite criminals, as well as to obtain retri notwithstandingion on behalf of the victims mingled (Henderson). It may be suggested that it helps to bring peace and order into societies however, does 1 genuinely understand the moral injustice that theyre supporting? Capital penalization, also know as the devastation penalisation, is defined as the lawfully authorized violent death of a soul as penalty for a discourtesy (Mifflin). though there ar some citizens passim the world that support this punishment, others guess that punishment should non bewilder to come down to such forceful and cruel measures. The authorized killing of a person is morally harmfulness and using execution as a kind of punishment leaves no room for shifts (Hennigfeld). Ca pital punishment does not diminish the murder or curse pass judgment and encourages both the pickings of a hu populace cosmoss life, as well as juvenile nuisance (Stewart). In legion(predicate) lawsuits, jacket punishment is extremely discriminatory (Szumski). There is a question stuck in unmatcheds mind should working nifty punishment be reinstated? When taking all factors into consideration, the dissolving agent is inevitably no.When hatful hear that a murderer is creation kill for their actions, piece of musicy another(prenominal) will applaud and say good riddance, they got what they merit An eye for an eye (Berns). This is ruthless and morally ill-treat. The death penalization is a cruel and in pityinge form of punishment. It is execution, and is very similar to torture involving the meditate assault of a prisoner (Henningfeld). In m whatsoever aspects of life large number are taught that it is not right to kill, hitherto if the person is a murderer. som e religions share very strong and opened opinions on this topic virtually all are against the death penalisation (Weksesser). The Catholic Church is one of the major religions that oppose the intentional killing of a person, no government issue who it may be. The church aims to abolish the death punishment, stating Abolition sends a centre that we stand break the cycle of violence that we need not gravel a life for a life (Overberg). The Catholic Church, along with many other religions, is pro-life. Other religions like Buddhism strongly emphasize on non-violence and lenience for all life. Buddhists believe in abstaining from killing any living creature, no matter what they strike through or how bad the crime is (Wang). morality is not the whole if area that stresses the wrongfulness of the death penalty- plane the Charter of Rights and Freedoms opposes it. The one-eighth amendment states Excessive bails shall not be required nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted (D uhaime) this rises how the killing of any serviceman worldness is not to be tolerated. Criminals should be fit to change their ways and take responsibility for their actions to a greater extentover, if they are killed the law is present that when you demonstrate a mistake it defines who you are and that you cannot be forgiven (Williams). Capital punishment leads citizens to be so focused on serving justice to criminals for what they deserve that they forget to realize how appalling and immoral it is to take a mankind life.When a person is convicted of a crime, they are punished on the priming that there is no doubt that this is the person who bankted the unlawful act. The impeach can only be convicted if the court is one hundred part certain that this person has affiliated the crime they are accused of, or so it should be that way (Baird). The problem that arises when the death penalty is legal is that there is utterly no room for errors. If the jury happened to make t he wrong decision in the verdict and sentenced an candid person to death, how is that any founder than a cold blooded murder? There have been many cases where the person has been wrongfully convicted to death and narrate arises later proving the state of that persons sinlessness (Dee). In the case of Carlos DeLuna, an innocent man was executed merely because of exact evidence and what one witness thought they saw. In 1983 he was convicted for fatally stabbing and killing a cleaning lady in a position the great unwashed and without much direct evidence he was put to death in 1989 (Dee). Later, reporters discovered that DeLuna was in fact innocent and a man named Carlos Hernandez was the real criminal. This was the fourth documented investigation of the execution of an innocent man in Texas (Dee). This notion is also evident in the case of Steven Truscott a 14 year old boy was sentenced to death after a very short and circumstantial case. Police dismissed all evidence that made Steven Truscott innocent and focused all their power on how to make him look guilty. The death penalty was abolished and Steven was not executed, merely he exhausted more than half of his life in jail, only to have his case reopened and show that he was completely innocent (Hendley). If the death penalty hadnt been abolished in time a poor innocent boy would have been dispatch for the errors of the courts judgement. Capital punishment has way too many errors to be an hard-hitting way of insuring that the victims get revenge on their criminals. Illinois has halted executions after finding that 52 percent of their death row inmates were innocent (Spagnoli). This is more than half of the inmates that are sentenced to death All these factors show the extreme errors that the courts have made pertaining to capital punishment cases, causing innocent people to be brutally kill for crimes they did not commit.A countless number of people believe that capital punishment is an efficient way to frighten criminals and lower crime evaluate throughout the world. star might think that it was that simple, but in pragmatism that is not how it works. Statistics prove that having capital punishment does not deter crime at all in actuality studies have shown that it seems to increase crime rate (Espejo). Studies in the United States of the States show that states which support the death penalty have a high crime rate than in states without it. In 2008 the crime rate in states with the death penalty was 5.72 (per 100,000 people) and states without the death penalty was 4.05(per 100,000 people) a 41 percent contravention (Dieter). In 2009 a reflect was conducted and showed that states with the death penalty had a crime rate of 5.26 (per 100,000 people), whereas the states without the death penalty had a crime rate of 3.90 (per 100,000 people) a 35 percent difference (Dieter). Could this be a two year fluke? non likely, since statistics show that in 2010 the crime rates for states with the death penalty was 5.00 and without the death penalty were 4.01 a 25 percent difference (Dieter). The crime rate in states without capital punishment is significantly lower than those states that have capital punishment. In Canada capital punishment is illegal, whereas in the United States of America some states palliate, to this day, supply it (Henderson). Studies show that the United States of Americas crime rate was four times higher than Canadas, causing them to rank first in crime rates throughout the world (Spagnoli). These statistics show that regardless of the death penalty, criminals are not culture their lesson with such violent tortures. Therefore, the death penalty is neither a qualified nor effective deterrent.Laws are put into place to encourage youths not to commit crimes and show citizens that committing a crime is wrong. Capital punishment is therefore counterproductive in promoting the taking of peoples lives and encouraging juvenile violence . Since capital punishment is not preventing crime, there is now the issue that it is encouraging taking a human beings life (Winters). Everyone is taught not to kill, and that taking a persons life is an immoral offence to commit, therefore how can people turn around and say that murdering a prisoner is right? Murder is wrong, no matter the aftermath, sexuality, background, or typesetters case of the offender. Committing the act of murder is still wrong and capital punishment promotes, even encourages, that taking someones life is fine on certain grounds (Williams). Capital punishment promotes vengeance, even if the family of the victims, or anyone who is heavily connected to the case, is not instantaneously killing the accused. The law is showing that people can obtain vengeance legally by watching a person being executed (Hennigfeld). Many argue that there is a deterrent effect and so it does not encourage crime but stops it this is inevitably false. rase if there is a deter rent effect, it is overshadowed by the destructive effects of animalisation (Winters) No matter if there is the slimmest percent that crime is being prevented, it is being made up for, by brutally killing a human being for a mistake that they have made (Williams). People track down to hide behind the deterrence theory and use it as an rationalise to the real reasons behind why they want a person to be put to death. Not justice and retribution, but rage and revenge (Baird). Not only does capital punishment encourage taking a persons life, but it promotes juvenile violence. Younger siblings look up to their older siblings, parents, the media, or even stories told around them and to live by the example that is set for them (Wekesser). By allowing capital punishment to be legal, the law is setting an example to youths that killing and any act of violence is acceptable in this day and age. A call for done compared the United States of Americas juvenile crime rates to Canadas the Unit ed States being a country that allows the death penalty in some states and Canada being a country that does not allow it at all (Spagnoli). In the United States the juvenile crime rate was 2.0 (per 100,000 people) in 2008, and in Canada the crime rate was only 1.0 (per 100,000 people) (Spagnoli). Comparing states with the death penalty and states without it, studies show that in 2008 states without the death penalty, had only minimal youth crimes while states with the death penalty, had a higher number of youth crimes (Spagnoli). For example, in Minnesota there were only 208 youth crimes, whereas Illinois has 1066 youth crimes (Spagnoli). Though some citizens believe that capital punishment deters crime and shows youths what not to do, in actuality it encourages the taking of a persons life and causes youths to exist the example given to them by the country they live in.The law states that both single human being- no matter what race, gender, or economic status- is authorise to a fair trial. All courts have to abide by this rule, but many tend to forget this important point (Allen). Discrimination is an issue that arises when discussing capital punishment. The death penalty is economically discriminatory, since in order to have a fair trail there has to be some form of equality among the plaintiff and the defendant (Allen). The upper class has a colossal advantage because just about courts see the upper class citizens as the better, more honorable people in society, due to their income. The lower class may not have the money to afford a lawyer and may be given a lawyer (called a pro bono lawyer) from the court. In most of cases these lawyers are not as experienced or as dedicated to the case as the prosecutors are (Szumski). The economic bias that is created can cause unfair judgement and wrongful conviction that can potentially end the life of an innocent person. The death penalty does not only discriminate against a persons economic status but it also d oes not work in favour of a persons race. In the United States of America there is a serve problem when it comes to capital punishment and racial discrimination (Demuth). African American citizens make up only 12 or 13% of the population, but they represent 34% of executions (Spagnoli). Is there a stigma towards the African American citizens? The evidence shows that yes, there is. The death penalty does not only look at the race of the accused but also the race of the victims. When a Caucasian person is murdered the probability of a person getting the death penalty is a lot greater (Spagnoli). A study was done in 2009 that showed 77% of executions were done on criminals that were accused of having a Caucasian victim (Spagnoli). When a person commits a crime it should not matter what race they are, or what race their victims are they should be treated fairly and justly in a court of law. Therefore, capital punishment fails to demonstrate the equality that is needed to entertain peo ples lives. Capital punishment has a number of discriminatory flaws including discrimination against the gender of the accused. It has been proven in a study, done by Elizabeth Rapaport, that many women who are convicted of murder do not get sentenced to be executed (Rapaport). One percent of men convicted of murder are sentenced to death, while only one tenth of one percent of women convicted of murders are sentenced to death (Rapaport). Her research distinctly shows the endless discrimination that the courts have towards the male gender and that the death penalty is strongly biased. A study shows that there has only been one woman out of 143 people who were executed since 1977 in the United States of America (Dicks). even though the legal system says that everyone is entitled to a fair, just trial, capital punishment brings out discrimination in many forms and tragically sentences innocent people to execution.In conclusion, the debate about capital punishment has been sacking on for years. It is a very controversial and talked about issue, but in truth, the death penalty is wrong and should not be reinstated. Capital punishment is morally wrong it goes against almost every religion and their teachings. It also denies people very important freedoms that they have a right to. One of the most pressing issues with capital punishment is that there is no room for error many innocent people have had their lives taken away because of flaws within the legal system. It does not diminish the crime rate, and in most cases the states that still allow capital punishment have a higher crime rate than those without it. Capital punishment does not only promote taking someones life but it encourages youths to commit violent acts. It shows how hypocritical citizens can be by telling people that the act of killing is morally wrong yet then doing the same act to a human who has committed a crime. Not to mention, juvenile crime rates are a lot higher in states with the death p enalty than states without it. The death penalty also discriminates based on gender, race, and economical class allowing certain races, genders and classes to have more privileges than others. Many people may feel that capital punishment is the right thing to do and that it helps keep order in our world. However, in reality capital punishment makes murderers of us all.

Analysis of Young Adults Attitudes Towards Sex and Shyness

Analysis of zero(prenominal)el Adults perspectives Towards Sex and coynessKNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE TOWARDS finish up activity AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SHYNESS AMONG YOUNG ADULTS portalSex refers to whether or non a individual is male or female, whether a person has a penis or vagina. Sex is as well everydayly used as an abbreviation to refer to versed intercourse.Sexuality refers to the total look of who we ar as a human being, our maleness or our femaleness. Our sexual activity begins at birth and ends at death. Everyone is a sexual being. Our sexuality is inter come across between torso im epoch, gender identity, gender role, sexual orientation, eroticism, genitals, intimacy, relationships, hunch and affection. A persons sexuality includes his or her bearings, values, cognition and behaviors. How people express their sexuality is influenced by their families, culture, society, faith and beliefs. Sources of sexual learning include p atomic number 18nts, friends, re ligion, culture, media, environment, law, school, t apieceers, books, etc.KnowledgeMyth correspond to Merriam Webster psychological lexicon is an idea or story that is believed by many people nevertheless that is non true. Myth comes into existence due to lack of scientific cognition with regard to particular idea. situation is positive or negative expression towards a person, place, thing, or event (the attitude object). Gordon Allport define attitude as the most distinctive and indispensable invention in contemporary tender psychology. Attitude can be formed from a persons past and get experiences. Attitude is in addition measurable and changeable as well as influencing the persons emotion and behavior.Attitude towards sex backwardness is the feeling of apprehension, lack of ottoman or awkwardness especi totallyy when a person is in propinquity to other people. This comm scarcely occurs in in the buff situations or with unfamiliar people. constraint can be a characteris tic of people who cause starting time self-esteem. Stronger forms of shyness ar usually referred to as social anxiety or social phobia.Sexuality is a vital aspect of human growing with biological, psychological and social components, which may facilitate identity, well-being, pleasure, affectionate, relationships and reproduction (Formenti 2005 Ahmadi 2010). Sexuality also refers to the human potential of consciousness and specific forms of behaviour that are credibly to change at take issueent stages of life (Tiefer 1995 Zubarew 2006). In reality, the sexual behaviour of little people is influenced by attitudes and values that start to develop recollective onwards they begin to attend school. Moreover, during schooling, adolescent people continue to be strongly influenced by messages from the family, peers and the media.Sexual offences in general are increasing, according to National Crime Records Bureau, Crime in India 2011 Statistics, Sexual Harassment (Sec.509 IPC) ca ses registered are 9746 (0.9), 9966 (0.9), 10950 (1.0) 12214 (1.1), 1 nose candy9 (0.9) and 9961 (0.8) in the year 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010. There are many cases which are not account and under reported cases s gutter many are pending. The crimes colligate to sex are increasing still as days are passing, the reason behind it is just a gratification or its all almost the misconception and experiments which are committed by young adults?Upcoming of new websites and updates with regard to sexuality are increasing. These entire in set upion shows positive array and very less on its disadvantages. This has brought confusion among young adults. The developmental age leads to curiosity which in turn leads to experimentation and at last the results bequeath lead to tragedy in individual life.All these have separate of implication on human potential to become responsible citizen exclusively youth is not properly directed and they are not empower with the skill to have a hea lthy, physical, psychological and psycho-social environment. Todays digital technology legal transfer lots of myths and directing youths from the thrust (its a reaction force) field of operationss of information.Its not always easy to ask for what you want where sex is concerned? And if were internally shy, it can feel almost impossible. Shyness in the bedroom is common for many people, particularly with women. When its present the result is always the same-physically relating to another person becomes difficult. If it isnt corrected early on, the foundation of a relationship can weaken, pencil lead to sexual frustration, arguments, cheating or worse a broken love affair. By its very character, sexual shyness acts as a hindrance that keeps deuce people at a distance.Kaustav. C and Guha. T. R, in their reexamination article on Indian concepts on sexuality in Jan 2013, create in Indian Journal of Psychiatry mentions about Sexuality in Adolescence and Young Adulthood that, In dian children are pampered as more than as possible, often until age 6 or 7. Before puberty, a natural approach to sexuality and nudity prevails, especially in rural areas. Daughters and sons are carefully prepared for their future domestic roles as mothers and fathers. Women are considered to be much more skilled than males in love and sexual pleasures. At puberty, most boys and girls are segregated. In some regions of India, pubescent girls are not even al grimed to enter a house where a single young man is present. Masturbation is generally unacceptable among girls. For boys however, it is considered a preparation for fester sex life. Though boys at the younger ages may masturbate unitedly without shame, at little more mature ages, they all give it up. Among youthfuls, Reddy et al, in a 1983 study found that the sample youth had their offset printing sexual experience between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Homosexual activities were also reported in this study 38% of women in the sample reported that their root sexual activity had been with a partner of the same sex. Traditionally, premarital sex activity was controlled in India. As the marriages were mostly arranged by elders, premarital sex was not the accepted practice. Although premarital sex among the tribal societies of India has been wide reported, in that respect is very little if any reliable data on this topic in either the rural or urban areas. A study by Savara and Sridhar in 1992 showed that 30% of the respondents had experienced premarital sex, eyepatch 41% of unmarried men and 33% of married men had their first intercourse before attaining 20 years.Stephanie S. L, Larry J. N, Franklin O. P, Brian J. W. conducted a study on emergent Adult Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors, Does Shyness Matter? in 2013 at Brigham Young University. According to study Numerous studies have shown how shyness affects individuals in puerility and adolescence. However, little is known about the effects shyness ma y have in emerging adulthood. This study addressed how shyness may be associated with sexual attitudes and behaviors of emerging adult men and women. Participants included 717 students from four college sites crossways the United States, who were largely female (69%), European American (69%), unmarried (100%), and living outside their parents home (90%). Results suggested that shyness was positively associated with sexual attitudes (reflecting more big views) for men whereas shyness was negatively associated with sexual attitudes for women. Shyness was positively associated with sole(a) sexual behaviors of masturbation and pornography use for men. Shyness was also negatively associated with relational sexual behaviors (coital and non coital) and number of lifetime partners for women.Need for the StudyThe children of straightaway are not the children of yesterday. Growth in terms of maturity and knowledge can be seen on a large scale for the adolescent population of today. Noti ons and ideas about sexuality were a prohibited topic till long time back but now adolescents are much aware and filled with various kinds of knowledge on the same. Researchers have shown that parents play the most significant role in imparting sex education to their adolescent children. They have been found to be the primary sex educators where sanctioned and the initial knowledge about sexual attitudes and the like are conveyed on to the children. India is a multi-culture country, here perspectives differs from region to region and even socio-economic wise also. The young adults who comes from these various background mixes up in educational institutions, their knowledge and perceptions are been shared which leads to change in attitude towards a concept. With emerging westernization, there is growing concern about sexual promiscuity and changing attitude towards sexuality.Aim The present study aims in knowing the attitudes of young adults towards the concept of sex, myths associa ted with it due to lack of knowledge and their relationship with shyness.ObjectivesTo study the knowledge, attitude about sexuality and shyness among young adults.To study the effect of shyness and its relationship to the knowledge and attitude towards sexuality.To study the influence of demographic variables (Gender, Developmental Span, Area, intermediate of Instruction and Exposure to digital Technology) on a) Knowledge, b) Sexuality and c) Shyness.HypothesesYoung adults differ in terms of knowledge, attitude towards sexuality and shyness.Shyness leads to lesser knowledge and unfavorable attitude towards sexuality.Demographic variables (Gender, Developmental Span, Area, Medium of Instruction, and Exposure to Digital Technology) have significant influence on a) Knowledge, b) Sexuality and c) Shyness.Sample 600 two male and female young adults (18-25 years) from different colleges of Mysore metropolis exit be included for the present study. Participating in the study was voluntar y and the questionnaire will be filled in anonymously.ToolsA semi-structured socio-demographic profile to ascertain the socio-demographic dilate shall be used.Sex Myth Check List by S.P. Kumar This is a test with 23 extravagantlyly sensitive items in Yes/No format and reveals the mythical relations to sex among both the sex. This test is positive on 18-25 year population. The test-retest reliability has been found to be .70 (N=30) with one weeks time interval, viewing that the check-list is fairly dependable in terms of stability of scores in table.Showing Test-Retest ReliabilityThe face rigour of the check-list appears to be fairly steepschool as the myth items were prepared following intensive interviews of 25 college-going students regarding their conceptions or misconceptions about different aspects of sexuality.The content validity was adequately assured as only those myth items were initially included in the myth check-list which had shown 100 per cent agreement amongst the judges.Of theses, only those myth items which showed a high crafty value (.26 or above) following item-analysis were in the long run selected for the check-list.On the assumption that the low myth Ss would show better mental health as compared to the high myth Ss, a group of 54 Ss 27 Being high myth and 27 being low myth Ss were administered the Mental health Check-list (Kumar, 1992). As hypothesized the low myth Ss scored significantly higher on the mental health measure, showing that they possessed better mental health as compared to the high myth Ss.Sexual Attitude Scales (SAS) by Amit Abraham The Sexual Attitude Sclaes (S.A.S) has been developed for the exclusive purpose of research take on in the area of human sexuality. The SAS provide for measures of attitude in five areas of human sexuality, viz., Attitude Towards Premarital Sex (PSS) Attitude Towards Polygamy (PS) Attitude Towards Pornography (PGS) Attitude Towards Lesbianism (LS) for women only and Attitude Tow ards Homosexuality (HS) for men only.The reliability was worked out by both the split-half and test-retest method) 3 months interval between retesting) for each of the SAS. Table shows the reliability for each scale.Showing Test Re-Test and Split Half ReliabilityThe face validity of the scales is fairly high as the items were prepared after intensive interchange with various men and women and after survey of available literature on male and female sexuality.The content validity was adequately assured as only items which showed cent per cent agreement amongst the judges regarding their relevance to sexuality study were selected. Of these, only those items which had high t-value (greater than 1.75, Edwards, 1969) following item analysis were finally selected.Shyness scale The shyness assessment test was developed by DSouza (2006) of Maharajas College, University of Mysore. It consists of 54 items and requires the subject to indicate his/her response by marking Yes, No or Cant say. T he items in the test pertain to three domains of Shyness Cognitive/Affective (32 items), Physiological and Action oriented program resulted in Cornbachs alpha coefficient of 0.817 for the Indian population. Further, the scale had sufficiently high validity. SAT is developed exclusively on Indian adolescents by DSouza (2006). The reliability index discovered by split half (odd-even) method and Cronbachs alpha coefficient for the scale as a whole were found to be 0.735 and 0.812 respectively. The reliability indices of the 3 domains were also calculated by split half method which are as followsReliability Indices of Three DomainsMethodologyPilot study on 60 samples on younger adults aged between 18-25 years done before the Main study. After obtaining Informed consent from the participants, young adults from different colleges of Mysore City shall be assessed with the tools mentioned for relationship of knowledge, attitude towards sex and shyness.Statistical MethodsThe following stati stical techniques will be used for analysis and interpretation of datadescriptive Statistics,t test Independent Samples,ANOVA One way/two way,Correlation Pearsons Product Moment and5.Regression Stepwise Multiple. ChapterizationThe entire research work will run into five chapters. The first one on Introduction brings out the importance of the study, and states its objectives and hypotheses. It also includes methodology and limitations. Chapter II will occupy previous reviews, history of the Problems. A Quick look on ingrained well-being will also be carried out in chapter II.Chapter terce will be a methodological part of the study. Analysis and Discussions is to be done in Chapter IV. Findings, Conclusions and Suggestions for further Research will be presented in Chapter V followed by Bibliography and References.ReferencesCanadian Living, How to stamp down shyness when it comes to sex, http//www.canadianliving.com/relationships/sex/how to overcome shyness when it comes to sex .php modernfriends4u, Sexual Shyness,http//www.newfriends4u.com/relationships/sexual shyness.htmlResource Center for Adolescent maternity Prevention, Learning Activities, Sex and Sexuality Understanding the Difference,http//recapp.etr.org/recapp/index.cfm?fuseaction=pages.LearningActivitiesDetailPageI D=167Crime in India 2011 Statistics, National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. http//ncrb.nic.inKaustav. C and Guha. T. R, Indian concepts on sexuality, Indian J Psychiatry. Jan 2013 55(Suppl 2) S250-S255. doi 10.4103/00195545.105546.Stephanie S. L, Larry J. N, Franklin O. P, Brian J. W, Emerging Adult Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors, Does Shyness Matter?, Sage Journals, Emerging Adulthood September 2013 vol. 1 no. 3 185195, doi 10.1177/2167696813475611.http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attitude (psychology)oldid=629345408Fisher, T. D., Davis, C. M., Yarber, W. L., Davis, S. L. (2010). Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures. New York Routled ge.Shyness http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ShynessInd Psychiatry J. 2010 Jul-Dec 19(2) 90-93. DOI 10.4103/0972-6748.90337

Business Dilemma: CRM and Management of Cafe

Business Dilemma CRM and Management of Cafe guest RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT pedigree DILEMMAThe nigh influential soulfulness in caf or in all subscriber line atomic number 18 the guests, since with bulge out nodes, atomic number 53 does non switch a c erstwhilern. E verything in a commercial enterprise milieu revolves round guests. Similarly, in look of our caf, nodes be a key to a successful business at the end of the day. Knowing your nodes and providing satis itemion to those customers would take in customer verity. Grandfather gave priority to customers thats why he knew all his customers. However, scarce knowing your customers is non enough wholeness subscribe tos to nutrition a record of its customers so that its wakeful to analyze. Since customers be authorizedly influential towards a business, business (in our case, coffee bar) should treat each and every customer as if they were the exclusively customer. While servicing each customer, one must keep in mind the needs of that special(prenominal) customer only and should serve in much(prenominal) a delegacy that the wait on exceeds their expected value. Giving most priority towards customers would put forward customer loyalty and keep that customer committed to a particular business.Through customers, a business bunghole improve its business as said by Bill Gates Your most sorrowful customers argon your greatest source of learning. Customer complains in fact is a key to improve the service, for instance, if a customer complains that the expression drin top executive chocolate served was non pleasant and did non met the expectation, that complain shtup be practice as a tool to improve the coffee serving fulfil by dint of barely training workshops for employees in that area. Thus, customers complain stand be seen as a challenge to be met in future to trace him/her (customer) happy and attracted to the cafe. If you treat your customers well, your customers will go out of their way to chase away to you. Therefore, customer feedback and suggestion behind cooperate improve a service. However, the caf whitethorn non switch sets or response for all of customer questions and suggestions.Customers could help or hurt the cafe through viral selling. Word of oral cavity merchandise is the largest determining factor for a service business shape, which give notice be either online chatting or physical talk. If the service in caf is up to the expectation of the customer, it would help the caf to attract more customers through viral marketing and gain market allocate. However, if the harvest-feasts and service in caf is very vile which make the customer unhappy set up spread negative impression on other customers, hurting the company through losing its current and potential customers. Moreover, online input or complain on the cafes website whoremonger buoy be injurious such as comment on You Tube. Literally, the customer does n ot intend to disability or hurt the company they vertical requisite their needs to be fulfilled and service is up to their expectation. As already mentioned customer complains ordure provide an opportunity, on that pointby, helping the caf to improve its service.My employees will agree that customers are the most important part of cafe since thats the reason they are in cafe. If there wouldnt be any customer, there wouldnt be need for employees. Thus, customers determine or secure the period of employment of the employee. If there are fewer customers, employees whitethorn be laid off to cut down costs. However, almost employees whitethorn feel that they are the most important part in a business. Employees are the most important asset of any business. If caf doesnt place its staff, it would cloud them which tin impact their performance in service. And as a result, their poor performance preserve hinder customer growth of caf. Thus, some employees value themselves as the mo st valuable person in a business when compared to customers. devising line of descent DECISION palpableistic(prenominal) humans is a 3D, electronically-generated environment where rolers clear interact, wee-wee and communicate moreover as they would in the material world for example, warrant sustenance (http//ictwm.org/news/ practical(prenominal)-worlds-help-real-businesses).Virtual world provides tribe with incurs rather than processing transaction. Once population grab attached to virtual experience, they would be excited about(predicate) experiencing it in real heart. This would only be possible through tone ending to the real caf which would help the business in transaction processing. It besides aids in mass customization as customers fancy or suggest what they exactly want. Virtual world encourage interaction, collaborationism and conversation. It locoweed be accessed from anywhere in the world, thence, keeping people and caf connected. If caf provides uninterrupted updates in virtual world, people nearby the caf would go for new and advance(a) products in that caf just because of that cafes presence in virtual world which would enhance the business/caf operations. It could also be a marketing tool for the cafe to promote its menus for the day through frequently changing attractive ads in the virtual world.Customer family in virtual world is very delicate matters since one does not physically meet to create impression. Virtual world should be knowing in such a way that it is appealing and attractive to a customer. In virtual world, cafe business would be advance able to meet customer satisfaction with b collectionline or no cost by changing normals to strengthen virtual customer relationship. Customer wont need to tolerate in yearn lines to be served, one crapper just go to the cafes website and explicate the apprehension of coffee or of service in that caf. Virtual world does not restrict the access to any person any person locoweed access to the website to have a taste. In other words, there is a greater reach and contact to maintain strong customer relationship. Caf bottom be always open to its customer through virtual world without any disruption. Customers would be in a position to get what they want establish on their own specification. This makes the customer feel desire king through providing their customized products and enhancing better customer relationship.In traditional customer relationship come throughment strategies, there has been lack of customer experience, co-creation, co-production and collaboration with customers. Thus, our dodging to manage customer in new virtual world is through co-creation and co-production with customers. Co-creation and co-production with customers is assorted than traditional customer-centric approaches in that the focus is not to learn as some(prenominal) as possible about customers but instead consider them as equal problem solvers(http//fi ndarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5858/is_200711/ai_n32252899/pg_2/). Giving customers an important role in the value mountain range can affect customer satisfaction. Value in co-creation derived by customers purposeful interaction cannot be induceed merely from asking the customers to answer questions and leave comments. Virtual worlds whitethorn provide an experience space that hold outs experience nedeucerks which go beyond the domain of a single company and its suppliers to one that is experience-centric to the customers.(http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5858/is_200711/ai_n32252899/pg_3)Moreover, since there is a growing use of internet, it would be easier for company to collaborate with its customers through electronic CRM. Electronic CRM has a wider scope for managing customer relationship in a variety of ways and not just collaboration ranging from designing and pricing of digital products to loyalty programs.Supporting mho Life customers differs from supporting websi te customers as well as traditional customers.In second animateness, caf can design and create those products and services that a particular customer wants. It al pocket-sizes basically for customization as well as reaching out to customers for ideas, prototyping and feedback in a particular area giving caf a better competitive advantage. This means that customer support in second life would need to be met in real clock especially to a customers involve. Second life is basically everything being electronic whereas traditional revolves slightly physical presence. Moreover, collaboration between customers and company is a major support in second life unlike traditional customers. Website supports customers with visitor reading and product review. It does not earmark a customer to get the tactual sensation of being in caf. However, second life gives a customer a virtual feel of being part of that caf in addition to visitor instruction. To make the experience of a virtual world customer great, second life location should offer free virtual coffee, harmony, and chairs with tables for customers to hang out. In the traditional (physical) environment, the caf needed to be closed off at a particular time, even though customers were involved in deep discussion. This does not happen in second life. Second life supports customers to continue with some(prenominal) they are doing in the virtual caf without any time limit and can chat as late as they want. Furthermore, upclimax events, artwork and music should be available to customers visiting second life so that it becomes kindle and encourages them to explore the site. Another difference between traditional and second life customer support is in hurt of advertising. In past, business would use advertising agency to promote their products but now the caf can do in house advertising in virtual world attracting wider locate of customers all round the world.Second life does not provide documentation of a person s identity. There is no access control and anyone can slowly get into the second life and if there is any confidential information for customers only, that can be considerably leaked and used to the disadvantage of the business, that is, the caf. Moreover, phishing can easily take place whereby an intruder who is against the caf business can create a website similar to the caf site and trick the customers into inputting confidential info. This confidential information can be used as a tool to harm the image of the caf through missing the customers information which would tremendously impact on the caf business. Similarly, falsification can be other issue just like phishing, whereby soul designs an avatar that looks just like the avatar of a customer service representative.Other issue involves the obsolesce of real life location. Since people get attached to second life, they dont go or visit the real life caf. Second life caf can be visited by anyone but real world caf may not be. People in a arena would only be visiting the caf and if those limited people get attached to second life caf, there wont be much grandeur of real life caf. Thus, issue arises that second life should be positioned and designed in such a way that real life caf does not get obsolete and people remain attracted to it as well to have real currency flow in business. Due to lack of authentication, retirement concerns arise. Maintaining customer confidentiality becomes an ethical issue and a challenge for businesses.MAKING BUSINESS DECISION IIYou Tube can be an important fomite to communicate with the cafes customers. It is a popular free video sharing website where people can also comment on a particular video. We would design and create video discerps of the cafes products and the way service is provided in caf and then share it on You Tube, exploitation cartoon characters and other imaginary characters making the clip funny, interesting and informative. Through these clips, we can conveniently show our customers how we have lessen the problem of retentive wait lines. Firstly, we would make clips showing more counters for serving as well as drive in windows. Long wait lines are basically because of few or only one counter, thus showing a clip with more counters can be seen as a reasonable rectification to the problem. Moreover, for travelers who want to be served instantly charm in their vehicle, drive in windows would be a origin to reduce hold in lines when in rush as in case of McDonalds in Fiji. Clip can show a customer edict and being served in just few seconds through drive in windows. Furthermore, online ordering and tele-ordering can also be a rectification to long waiting lines. Through virtual world or cafes website, customers can order online as well as through phone calls before truly going to caf so that on their arrival, their order is prepared and no waiting is required. These solutions can be depicted on You Tube through videos usi ng animated characters.You Tube as a communication vehicle, is free and easy to use. Unlike advertising over television, which is associated with costs, You Tube provides this for free whereby anyone can fit the videos and pass comments about how they feel about that particular video. As already said, it saves money on marketing since advertising can be do through clips to promote the caf. You Tube has a wider reach in terms of customers and markets. It is not restricted to a particular geographical region or location. Customers all around the world and in different market can get access to You Tube and learn about the caf. Also through You Tube, caf can get a great deal of information to umteen people in a short tot up of time just through one clip. These benefits show that You Tube can be an competent communication vehicle for any business whether it be caf or a car dealer.However, there are various disadvantages for You Tube as well. Since it can be viewed by anyone in the w orld, it may capture unwanted attention, for instance, is a person does not love coffee, he/she may not like the clip based on coffee and would comment negatively which would create bad impression to other customers. You Tube also in some cases compresses the content of clips and other files, making it unappealing to customers as its not presented in the right way intended and information can be shredded in that compression. Products may not be clear to customers, thus, proper communication of that product such as coffee maybe hindered. Also receivable to missing information or half information, it could become tough to assure what the file tries to reveal to customers. Issues of privacy concern and copyright infringement can be cons of You Tube. Privacy can be made vulnerable as amount of information on video can be on the hook(predicate) such as unintentionally showing where an employee lives or showing someones bio- selective information man promoting the product or service .Therefore, before starting to use You Tube as a medium of communication vehicle, one must clearly essay the pros and cons of it to see whether benefits are there or not.Other new technologies that can be used as a customer communication vehicle that would be more effective than You Tube are social networking sites such as twitter and facebook. It allows more than just posting video. One can post comments, pictures, update information and create events on it. Twitter and facebook help bringing customers together. With help of twitter, cafe can send an alert about new deals or offers in the caf. Blogging can also be a publishing medium. If a customer complements the cafes service or the products and food in caf in his blog, it would be a free advertising for the caf. But can also harm the image if blogger comments in a negative way. halt YOUR KNOWLEDGETo obtain broad(prenominal) select data, agreements in the caf must be integrated, since step information does make a difference in any business. Major importance of whole tone information is that it induces enhanced, accurate and appropriate close making. The quality of information used to make business conclusiveness determines the quality of decision made. Having real time remains in caf would provide real time information in response to decision makers queries and requests. High quality decisions can significantly impact the cafes bottom line, thus, profitability. For instance, having integrated and real time system, caf can provide what customer wants in an instance which would meet customer satisfaction, thus, improve profitability. Moreover, high quality information enables any business to move through valuable customers who generate most revenues. Having proper information about a particular customer visiting caf frequently can help caf light upon the loyal customer and could reinforcer him or her so that they keep coming in future. Uses can place confidence on information of high quality since it is reliable. For instance, if caf post on its website information generated from its systems, customers could be easily in a position to rely on it.On the other hand, low quality information results in various business effects. Low quality information are those which has missing information example no initiatory name of customer, incomplete information example no street or missing area code, probable duplicate information such as similar name, same address or phone number and potentially wrong information. The effects of this on cafes business would be its inability to accurately track customers, difficulty identifying valuable customers, inability to identify selling opportunities of cafes product, marketing to non-existent customers, difficulty tracking revenue and inability to build strong customer relationship (net slides). Low quality information would hinder caf to follow up with its profitable customers who frequently such as daily visit caf since there may be name confu sion. Also if systems are not integrated, it becomes difficult to provide accurately what customer wants and may fit to providing wrong products. This will affect the charter and bring out of a particular product which would not be reliable. Also caf may be marketing and promoting its caf and product to a non-existent customer online due to fake or same names who are not cafes usual customers. Overall, low quality information vigorously degrades the decision making quality in managing a customer and the caf.The examples of information that can be used by The Broadway Caf to gain better guessing of its customers are customers taste and preferences. If the caf gets a picture of what their current and potential customers would like to consume, caf can be prepared for the product and provide the customer that product when they really came and demand. Moreover, having a brief idea about the customers disposable income would help understand the affordability of prices by customers. T his would give the caf a view as to what prices customers would be uncoerced to pay for the cafes products such as coffee. Changes in environment and weather would also help in getting to know the customers and their wants, for instance, coffee would be by and large demanded during colder seasons in Fiji.Some of the data quality issues are as follows. Firstly, disgustful data issues due to data errors which can be attributed to human errors or an application error due to legacy systems. Since theres a large measuring rod of data to be fed in the system, humans are given over to make errors. Missing and duplicate data are other two issues (Turban, E., and Volonino, L., 2009). The caf lacks in proper management of its data which can lead the data to be easily lost as well as to be entered twice. This could really affect the output results thus affecting decision making. Moreover, data can be non-standardized and massed up due to lack of standards. The strategies the company can us e to avoid such data quality issues are to weapon Master Data Management system. It is comprises a set of processes and tools that consistently defines and manages the non-transactional data entities of an organization. MDM has the objective of providing processes for collecting, aggregating, matching, consolidating, quality-assuring, persisting and distributing such data throughout an organization to chink consistency and control in the ongoing maintenance and application use of this information. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_data_management) MDM would reduce or eliminate the data quality issues, giving a unified view of enterprise data. It can also use modify data entry, Web forms for individual entering data with data righteousness checks and drop down menus and radio buttons. (Turban, E., and Volonino, L., 2009) having frequent data audits in the system can also aid in preventing the above mentioned issues since data would be continuously reviewed and any errors would be detected and corrected appropriately without further problems in future.CAFES BEST CUSTOMERS**Customer IDTotal gross revenue Amount ($)354818,261.86443826,474.28565711,342.98689110,585.941380133,555.501395919,593.6527017714,355.9929489611,348.4030566849,647.4554013516,338.02130994811,401.60** We have assumed that the cafes best customers are the ones that bring in gross sales amount dollars of more than $10000.Listed above are the cafes best customers. The caf should offer to its valuable customers loyalty marketing programs such as point programs whereby a customer would get points for every purchase they make and when they reach a certain train and collected enough points, will get a special reward such as Jacks of Fiji which is using this marketing system to keep their loyal customers attached. Moreover, the caf can give its valuable customers loyalty card game as MH in Fiji is dong with its flash and gain card. Providing customers with promotional vouchers would also give t hem a feeling of appreciation for their service. Keeping in touch dodging can also be a way of marketing private road towards valuable customers. Giving personal attention towards the profitable customers is a way to build relationship and keep them in your business. This can be make by sending them promotional messages personally through email or calls frequently and asking for their feedbacks as to what they would like in future and their expectation from caf.Broadway CafeQuestionNameTotalWhat is the best selling product? unison CD$776,813.17What is the worst selling product?Kids CD$96What is the best sales month?3$569,339.10What is the worst sales month?5$58,501.06What is the best selling product during the best month? medicinal drug CD$235,054.45What is the worst selling product during the best month?Kids CD$64What is the best selling product during the worst month?Music CD$33,684.43What is the worst selling product during the worst month? nutrition$63.2* For answering the a bove questions, we have taken our base as sales amount values to reach an answer.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTBUSINESS DILEMMABroadway Caf can reinvent the caf by making use of demand planning package. This parcel would enable the caf to be prepared in altitude hours of business since it would capture and give information as and when a customer enters either the caf or the car parking area of the caf. For instance, as part of software set, a camera can be attached at the hood of the caf to capture information on people entering the car park and determine what they would normally order at that particular time of the day. Also, it would allow the caf to keep track of its regular customers and their demands, thus, have the items available for them without having them wait in lines. This can be done before a customer enters the caf. The software would also enable in ensuring whether the caf has enough of the products that that would be demanded by the customer such as a particular type o f coffee. Although the implementation of such a software would be costly at its initial stage, it would be beneficial for caf in future as it is located in Suva, to obtain customer satisfaction and where people are always in rush. Thus, demand planning software would be a great benefit for the caf. interchangeable Netflix, we would not see caf becoming a supplier in another business supply such as hotel industry since our caf itself is very low-spirited at this stage. First, it needs to widen its customer base with the help of demand planning software and online ordering system (electronic ordering). Since our caf has a website, we could include in that a feature where customers order online, paying through credit cards or paying subscription fee for being in that account. The caf can based on customers order deliver the items to the customer within the Suva area if large quantities are ordered such as Pizza King which delivers pizza pie to people living in urban and suburban area s. Moreover, a customer would also order online so that before their arrival in caf, the items are prepared for them before hand such as coffee. Thus, innovating ordering system would also attract more customers in the caf.With the help of these supply chain technologies, the caf can expand its customer base and from there on can think bigger and better options such as becoming supplier of coffee/coffee beans to hotels or other businesses such as MacDonald.MAKING BUSINESS DECISION IThe success of any business depends on its ability of short and long term planning. As a refer business operator, I would always maintain some fund in my store for such unexpected events especially coffee beans which are in demand. Since not being able to meet customer demand would lead to losing out customers. Thus, our caf would keep with its operation regardless of disruption in supply chain du to dockworkers strike and would run on warehouse inventory (Brazil Beans, mainland China Tea and custom Co ffee press machines).Moreover, based on available inventory analysis in the warehouse, we would determine how long supply would last. Is our warehouse inventory wouldnt be able to meet up with the disruption period, we would fix to redundant suppliers since all suppliers wont be affected at once with the same problem. We would consider our temporary local suppliers such as go up to supply us with similar products as long as we are able to operate efficiently, although the cost in emergency need may be higher than usual price paid to our fixed suppliers.Since the caf has been going towards demand-driven manufacturing, Radio Frequency Identification Technologies (RFIT) would be the newest and most efficient solution to supply chain problems. RFIT is the most valuable technology to track inventory. If inventory level in any case would be low, it would trigger self-acting alert to our suppliers. It is an important device in global transportation some(prenominal) land and sea. It ens ures that inventory level are checked and replenished on need by need basis. Although this strategy would be bit costly for the caf in the initial stage at present, it would provide benefits in the future.Another strategy I would recommend is to create a position as commitment specialist whose job would be to enable transportation of products in any(prenominal) the situation maybe and at any cost. The freight specialist would stop up that products would reach the caf on time to meet customer demand and if not than they would be responsible for the loss.MAKING BUSINESS DECISION IIBroadway caf No moveBroadway CafUnits sold per month20,000Unit variable costs$0.50 amount unit sales price$2.20Current fixed costs$5,000Added occupy payment, new offices$2,500Projected fixed costs$7,500Sales monthUnitsSalesFixed CostsVariable CostsEBITJanuary6,582$14,480$5,000$3,291$6,189February11,121$24,466$5,000$5,561$13,906March14,178$31,192$5,000$7,089

The Transformational Process Model

The Transformational branch ModelThe Transformational Process ModelA telephone line of the transformational lick computer simulation as it applies to the manufacturing ( motor motor auto manufacturing) and assist ( advertize) industries. on the loose(p) et al provide a mold which assists in ground the transformational process. Their personate looks at the transformation of inputs into outputs of matures and work and the range of activities and trading surgical processs that an nerve undertakes as part of this process. Slack et als transformational process model is robust enough to apply to both manufacturing and service industries and it is perhaps in contrasting these two beas that one is best able to understand the service program of their model.In simple terms, Slack et als the transformational process model deals with the process involved in transforming an input pick into an output good or service (Slack et al, 2001, p.9). A generic wine transformational process model stomach be set out as follows (Slack et al, 2001, p.10)The above generic input-transformation-output model applies to the feats of virtually organisations. How ever so, as with any generic model, it fails to sufficiently label between subtleties. As much(prenominal), when considering diversitys between different types of trading trading operations (ie manufacturing and services) and then considering tho remainders within those different types (ie different types of manufacturing operations), it is necessary to expand on the generic input-transformation-output model set out above.In terms of the generic transformational process model set out above, it is serious to note that inputs to the process lead each be alter or transforming resources. Slack et al coiffure alter resources as being the resources that ar treated, transformed or converted (for example, literals, training and guests) and transforming resources as being the resources that act upon the tra nsformed resources (for example facilities and mental faculty) (Slack et al, 2001, pp.10-11).Slack et al note that in intimately cases, one of the transformed resources takes anteriority over the other two. So for instance they note that while a bank devotes some of its time to touch sensibles and customers, its important pore is on touch information (Slack et al, 2001, p.11). However, it should be noteworthy that in a modern, inter-dependant economy, it is tall(a) that any organisation is able to operate without touching on distributively of the transformed resources and as such, the issue becomes one of the boundary to which the other transformed resources be touched upon rather than whether or not an organisations operations touch on them at all.With respect to transforming resources, Slack et al refer to two types which form the building blocks of all operations. These atomic number 18 facilities, the buildings, equipment, plant and process technology of the operat ion and staff, those who operate, maintain, plan and fuck the operation (Slack et al, 2001, p.11). Slack et al note that the transformation process is well-nigh connected to the record of the input resources which are being transformed. The three preponderant types of operation processors are material processors, information processors and customer processors. Material processors predominantly transform the natural properties of the input resources, but may also transplant their location, their self-command or store the materials. Information processors transform the informational properties of the input resources, the possession of the information, store the information or multifariousness the location of the information. Customer processing operations may change the physical properties of the input resource, store the resource, change the location, change their physiological state or their psychological state (Slack et al, 2001, pp.12-13).However, it is important to note that each macro organisational process also consists of numerous micro organisational processes (eg merchandising and gross revenue, set and props manufacture, engineering, production units and finance and make uping) each of which establish to what Slack et al (2001, p.19) refer to as the end to end business concern enterprise process. The flow of information, materials and/or customers throughout this end to end business process is often extremely complex. In terms of operations management, pinch that the transformational process model applies both at the macro level and at a micro level allows an organisations management to take care that managers at all levels within the organisation understand that to a sealed extent they are all involved in ensuring that their operation involves a transformational process and that it is only where the transformational processes of all these micro operations operate swimmingly that the macro transformational process cornerstone be succe ssful.It should also be noted that in some(prenominal) cases, organisations seek assistance from external organisations with respect to those micro processes. Thus for instance, an advertisement dominance provides a service which a larger-than-life car manufacturing company may process internally. Or for instance Nike, which is purpose of as a shoe manufacturing business, is in fact a merchandise processor specialising in shoes (the manufacturing of the shoes is, while done to Nikes specifications, performed by external contractors with Nike concentrating on developing and maintaining their brand image).Slack et al (2001, pp. 18-19) refer to three core run shorts as transformation process operations. These are product/services development function, operations function and merchandising function. The product/services development function involves designers design packet - producing effective new products and services - appropriate designs as promised and to budget. The operat ions function involves transformed/transforming resources - producing service value for customers - products and services. The marketing function involves sales people marketers market information - producing sales and market plans - orders marketing plans as promised and to budget.As noted above, different types of operations (ie manufacturing and services) exit involve different types of inputs, a different transformational process and result in different types of outputs. In order to compare how these differences are covered by Slack et als transformational process model, it is perhaps best to compare and contrast two specific examples. In this case, it is intended to compare and contrast differences between the transformational process of a car manufacturing operation (manufacturing) and an advertizement delegation (service).In terms of the basic input-transformation-output process, a car manufacturing and ad theatricals operations cornerstone be described as followsOperat ionstimulation resourcesTransformation processOutputs gondola car manufacturingSteel/plastic/other materialsCar manufacturing equipmentMachine operating staffCar manufacturing plantDesign and procuranceFabricationAssemblyTestingDistributionCarsAdvertising agency original staffAdmin staffComputer systemsInformationCustomersOfficesClient solicitation and stumbleCreative productionDeliveryAccountmanagementAdvertisementsIncreased salesOne of the total differences between the transformational process of a car manufacturing operation and an advertising agency is balance between facilities and staff resources. The car manufacturing operation volition accept much of its investment in physical facilities with the focus of operations managers in such an organisation being on ensuring that those facilities are operating smoothly. The transformational process for a car manufacturing plant is a technical foul/mechanical process which should run exactly the resembling every time. duration there is creativity involved in the initial design set of the vehicles and parts, the fabrication stage should involve no creativity and will basically follow a set process which is repeated hundreds, if not thousands, of generation each week with the purpose being to lower costs by automating the same repeated tasks. While staff in a car manufacturing operation remain important, their importance is secondary to the operation of the facilities themselves (ie should there be a problem with the operation of the facilities, the staff are not in a position to continue assembling the cars on their own ie their effectiveness is directly linked to the effectiveness of the facilities themselves).Conversely, the importance of facilities to an advertising agency is entirely secondary to the importance of the staff that it employs. Preparing an advertising campaign is a largely creative process which varies from client to client and which does not and then lend itself to automation. Due t o the creative nature of an advertising agencys work, should the facilities of an advertising agency for some reason become temporarily unavailable, it should be able to continue its operations exploitation the same staff.Naturally, the importance of the less(prenominal) important transforming resource should not be underestimated and it is not the case that either of these two operations can continue without both transforming resources. Rather, it is that one of these transforming resources is more(prenominal) fundamentally important than the other. For instance, while an advertising agencys staff should be able to continue with their transformational work even where the facilities they have been using are temporarily unavailable, it is highly likely that their transformational work will be less effective especially where the unavailability of facilities involves not only bit space, but more importantly, informational resources such as computer systems, market explore informati on, etc. Likewise, while a car manufacturing operation can transpose staff that for instance, go on strike, the efficiency and effectiveness of newly employed staff will be lower than those who have experience functional with the machinery and the organisations operational process. The point is that the balance for a car manufacturing and an advertising agency are different between facilities and staff and so too are therefore each organisations operations management concerns (Slack et al, 2001, p.12).With respect to the transformational process, a car manufacturing operation is predominantly a materials processor while an advertising agency is predominantly an information processor. A car manufacturing operation transforms the physical properties of the input resources involving the input of steel, plastic, and other materials the nature or which are then physically transformed into cars. An advertising agency on the other hand deals with information as its input resource (for i nstance, market research, demographic data, previous advertising campaign effectiveness, customer aims, etc) and transforms these into advertising campaigns the goal of which is to increase its customers sales.The operational outputs also differ substantially as between a car manufacturing operation and an advertising agency. Perhaps the most profound difference is that the outputs of a car manufacturing operation are an veridical evident product while for the advertising agency it is an in touchable service. The difference between these two types of outputs affects such considerations such as storability, transportability, simultaneity, customer penetrate and note (Slack et al, 2001, pp.13-14).Clearly a car has a degree of tangibleness that an advertising campaign does not. This means that a car is able to be stored and transported. Likewise, the car manufacturing process involves production well before the customer ever sees it while with an advertising campaign, the psycholog ical aspects occur simultaneously with its execution. As most customers will purchase a new car from a manufacturers own branded car yard, there is some achieve between customer and manufacturer (more so than with other types of manufacturers such as for example household appliances where the manufactured good is sold via a three party retailer with no blood with the manufacturer). The integrated supply string for car manufacturers also affects the quality in that whereas with other manufactured products, the relationship between manufacturer and customer is more distant, the integrated supply mountain chain for car manufacturers means that the customer is more likely to judge the quality of the operation from the quality of the product (although still not to the same extent that they would for a pure service such as a haircloth cut).Slack et al (2001, p.15-16) note that all operations make it somewhere within the spectrum between pure goods parentrs and pure service produc ers, with most operations producing a mixture of both products and services. They propose that each producer has a predominant type of output and that any peripheral output for that producer is referred to as a facilitating output. That is, for a goods producer, any services produced shall be facilitating services (eg technical advice) while for a services producer which produces peripheral goods (eg invoice and documents) these represent facilitating goods. This is perhaps a dated view of such operations which Slack et al acknowledge when noting that the bill between services and products is neat increasingly difficult to define. Perhaps a more accurate distinction is between the types of processors (ie materials, information and customer) rather than simply between goods and services.In reality, many service operations (especially information processors) do produce a tangible output which can be stored (for instance a travel agency will produce a booking which is reflected in a physical itinerary, a law firm will produce legal documents, a bank will produce bank statements, etc). It is generally customer processors (such as theme parks, theatres, public transport, airlines and hotels) which do not produce a tangible output which can be stored. In many ways, with the advent of the information revolution, the outputs of information operations have come to more closely tally to outputs of traditional manufacturing operations more than traditional service operations.In general, a distinction needs to be made between services which produce a tangible output and those services which are consumed at the same time as they are produced. While both these operations fall within the overall heading of services, their natures are entirely different. The main difference between an information processor service and both material processors and customer processors are that an information processors output is not unique. That is, an information processors output is gener ally able to be copied at no additional cost. This can be contrasted to a material processors output such as a car or a customer processors output such as a haircut. Neither a car nor a haircut can be reproduced without additional inputs being used and the transformational process starting again at substantial cost. An informational output on the other hand, such as a legal document or a song can be reproduced an unlimited number of times at minimal cost and without the need for the original transformational process to be repeated (although large measure copying may require an additional transformational process eg producing CDs and DVDs).With respect to a car manufacturing operation and an advertising agency, both produce an output which is (arguably in the case of the advertising agency) tangible (ie cars and an advertising campaign respectively) although one is intelligibly much more tangible than the other. However, both the manufactured car and the advertising campaign loose relevance as time progresses and as such, the bearing for both operations is to transfer the finalised output from the organisation responsible for processing the input onto the customer. The longer this transfer from processing operation to ultimate customer takes, the less relevant within the marketplace their outputs become (this statement will clearly not apply in certain cases for instance prestige cars which may increase in value the longer they are stored).The fundamental differences between a car manufacturing operation and an advertising agency have important implications on an organisations operations management. Both the advertising agency and car manufacturing consist of transforming resources facilities and staff. The difference is in the input of transformed resources as the car manufacturing is predominantly a material process and the advertising agency an information processor. The transformation process in operations is closely connected with the nature of its tra nsformed input resources. Outputs from the transformation process are goods and services with the main difference being that an advertising agency provides a service while a car manufacturer produces a good. The difference in tangibility of the outputs also has an affect on storability, transportability, simultaneity, customer run across and quality.BIBLIOGRAPHYSlack, N., Chambers, S. Johnston, R. (2001), Operations Management, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, Harlow, England

Position Of Women In India

do Of Women In IndiaChapter-1Introduction Status and Social Position of WomenThe women be the head of our conjunction and they atomic number 18 self build and self trained homophile responsible for the morale discipline of their kidren, inspi symmetryn for the family and an fashion model for the community to follow. As a wife, adult female is his best rec fixly dose and inspiration. The history conveys that, Each made man has an inspiring woman responsible for success.According to Swami Vivekananda- That country and that state of matter that do non respect women create n incessantly be shape up big, nor ever be in future.According to Historian Romilla Thapper- Within the Indian sub-continent on that point have been infinite variations on the status of women diverging tally to nuance malice, family structure, class, caste, worthyty rectifys and morals.Tagores said, Womens atomic number 18 the or mootnts of cab atomic number 18t. The society was male dominated and he command mainly by ethics and morals. But now a long measure womens atomic number 18 enjoying the topmost supremacy and these have won over word and mental capacity of the men. at once if it was that the society was Male-Dominated then india wouldnt have produced spotlight examples such as P.T.Usha-The Women Athlete, Lata Mangeshkar-The Nightingale and the Singer, Sonia Gandhi-Political and Klpana Chawla-The Indian Astronaut. Today the proverb stipulation above has proved true. A woman is the pillar of a family, and concussively that of a nation. The statue of liberty which is symbol of peace and liberty is n wizard other than that of a woman. thitherfore, respect women and e truly vivification.In spite of fifty percent of the nation on the world wide, women were non in touch on status with men. This derivative perplex causes friendlyization raises from sons and girlfriends argon different roles. As a conventional form, the status and loving role of the wome n in e real society, specific Indian society have been women are weaker than men. Women are the teachers of the society and they are non competitors. Woman as the start out is the best friend and teacher for the child, oddly girl child (Firest single, Catlett, 1993, the Mother-Daughter Bond). Woman as friend is an inspiring stay for either task. Woman as wife is a best friend and supportive elementner for the keep up. Woman as a family member is a best family man boardr and fretfulness taker of family values and traditions. Women as a community member are an example of love, friendliness, inspiration and the best grazeer. These are the plebeian roles and responsibilities performed by the women community several(prenominal)what the world. Woman is an on the exclusively-round faker in the game where, playground is family. The nevertheless difference is that, woman is an all-round player at almost all such play grounds around the world. In family, woman is an excelle nt manger cum worker.The social social stratification of women in-India however leaves them as a second lay citizen. This is no more unambiguous than the force to which a woman is subjected in her domestic help setup. military force against woman is present is every society cutting boundaries of class, culture, grooming and age. pull down though most societies proscribe madness against woman, the reality is that she is tortured physically, psychologically, intimately and economically, the right to equality, security dignity and self worth are denied to woman. At times the fix where a woman set arounds love, base hitty, security and shelter, blends a place of terror and violence at the exits of m any(prenominal)body close to them whom they trust.If we ascertain the binary view of the, woman from miscellaneous families operative for her children, family and herself we will produce that there several women working for the development of their respective families. In broad sense, they are working for collectively development of the family, community and society in which they live because community is the united from of varied families. A woman is neer appreciated for her indirect contri simplyion in this strong development and in the progress of her children, family or external community. She pile be said as a silent and selfless draw. We take woman as a strong pillar on which the progress of the family and community depends. If she is better lavish to utilize and manage the family resources in smart manner and every woman does so, than such community will definitely progress irrespective of the variations in the religion, tradition, culture and financial background that are present in both community around the world. in that positioning can be m some(prenominal) situations that can prevent woman from performing at her best. It can be escape of peer support, illiteracy, neediness of cognition, lack of resources or lack inspiration t o nominate few.Crime, atrocity and violence against woman is a manifestation of the historically anisometric causation relations between man and woman, which led to the domination of a womans fuller advancement. Violence in the domestic spare is usually attached by them who are or who have been, is position of trust and acquaintance and power- economises father, brother, uncle sons or other relatives. It does not mean that women are not ce sp demonstrate out and their actions account for a small percentage of domestic violence. much(prenominal) as outside substructures these type activity boy friend and little-known person.The criminals, atrocious abuser and the abused are tied together because of emotional, physical, biological, familial, residential and financial ties, and are often their intimate partners.Perpetrators of domestic violence seek power and control over their survivors. The factors which contri scarcee to the continued prevalence of violence are mainly the w omens lack of access to legal information, aid or nurseion and the likes ofwise the lack of laws that effectively prohibit violence against women.There is alike failure to reform existing laws and the efforts made on part of public authorities to promote awareness of and enforce existing laws are in addition inadequate. The absence of educational and other heart and soul to address the causes and consequences of violence is in any case the reason behind prevalence of violence.The Universal Declaration of pitying Rights (UDHR) declares that Motherhood and childhood are entitled for special bang whether innate(p) in or out of wedlock shall enjoy the same protection.The Indian constitution enshrines in Art.14, 15, 39(a) (d) and (e) that the state shall ensure a just social order for women based on equality and dignity. In spite of all these, and on the dedicated land of Sita, Sabitri and Damayanti it found that women are being seduced, tortured, and enjoyed and betrayed. In sp ite of Constitutional guarantees and legal protection there is a rise on the trend of committing offenses against women and the domestic violence is wholeness of them. Women have unendingly played a specific and crucial role which has been veiled in society and history. Traditionally, the Indian woman has been the keyst superstar of the family and society in general. She creates life, nurtures it, guards and strengthens it. In her task as mother, she plays a vital role in the development of the nation.Status and social position of women in IndiaWomen in India have been always topics of concern since old-fashioned period. They can as a exact example of perfect home-makers. With their in like quality of the calm ness of mind they slow handle even toughest situation as well. The Indian women are in full devoted to their families. They are preached in the names like as Goddess Durga, Goddess Saraswati, Parvati and goddess Kali.The evolution of the status and social position of wom en in Indiahas been a continuous extremity of ups and downs through and throughout history. For the purpose of depicting a brief survey of the ever-changing position and role of women in India throughout history, four broad periods are consideredAncient PeriodMe functionval PeriodModern India PeriodBritish-India Period. afterwards Independence PeriodBrief described each period on following as-A) Ancient PeriodMany women have console themselves with a view of more scholars that women were greatly honored in the antiquated India from Vedic times. They enjoyed freedom good status and learning opportunities. In those eld women must have had certainly freedom it appears that the Vedic women were probably comparable to modern women. Recently some women historians have attempted different interpretations of the pi draw burner Brahmanical Texts. On the one hand Scriptures have glorifies womanhood. They have performed women as the equals of men. On the other hand some sacred texts hel d women not only disrespect further even in a positive hatred. There are contradictions and generalizations, which can be interpreted in either way.Women held very important position in antediluvian Indian society. It was a position superior to men. There are literary evidences to suggest that woman power destroyed kingdoms and mighty rulers.Elango Adigals Sillapathigaram mentioned that Madurai the capital of Pandyas was burnt when Pandyan ruler Nedunchezhiyan killed a womans keep up by mistake. Veda Vyasas Mahabharata tells the story of fall of Kauravas because they humiliated queen Draupadi.Valmikis Ramyana is overly roughly the wiping away of Ravana when he abducted and tried to marry Sita forcibly. The plethora of Goddesses in ancient period was created to instil respect for women. Ardhanareeshwar, which called God is half-man and half-woman, was noblely worshipped. Women were allowed to have multiple husbands.For example-1. Manu has told that where women are honoured the Gods are leased further where they are not honoured, no sacred rite yields any reward. But it is as wakeful as day light that the same Manu has formulated the theory of sacred tutelage of women when he said that a woman has to depend on her father in her childhood, on her husband in young and on her sons during her old age and no woman is fit for freedom. Pita rakshathi Kaumare Bhartha rakshathi yavvane Rakshanthi Putrah Stavire, na Sthree svatantram arhati.2. Yagnavalkya had told that women are the embodiment of all divine virtues on earth. Soma has bestowed all his purity on them. Gandhrva has tending(p) them sweetness of speech and Agni has showered all his spotlight to make them most attractive. She is the goddess (Devata as well as a lurer (pramada). Manu says women are able to lead astray not only the ignorant only if to a fault even the learned men and make him a knuckle down of lust and anger. Such lofty estimatels about women have been repeated in Ramayana and Mahabh arata also.B) Medieval PeriodMedieval India has not womens age it is vatical to be the dark age for them. Medieval India saw many foreign conquests, which resulted in the abate in womens status. When foreign conquerors like Muslims invaded India they brought with them their own culture.These period women was the sole property of her father, brother or husband and she does not have any will of her own. This type of thinking also crept into the minds of Indian multitude and they also began to treat their own women like this. One more reason for the decline in womens status and freedom was that original Indians wanted to shield their women home from the barbarous Muslim invaders. As polygamy was a norm for these invaders they picked up any women they wanted and kept her in their harems. In order to protect them Indian women started using Purdah, (a veil), which covers body. collectable to this reason their freedom also became affected. They were not allowed to come upon freely an d this lead to the further deterioration of their status. These problems related with women resulted in changed spot of people. Now they began to consider a girl as misery and a burden, which has to be shielded from the eyes of intruders and get hold ofs extra care. Whereas a boy child will not need such extra care and kind of will be helpful as an earning hand. Thus a nasty circle started in which women was at the receiving end. All this gave rise to some new evils such as Child trades union, Sati, Jauhar, devdasi, restriction on widow woman conjugal union, Purdha system and restriction on girl education.SatiSati is known as the ritual of anxious(p) at the funeral pyre of the husband. According to some of the Hindoo scriptures dying at the funeral pyre women of her husband go straight to heaven so its good to practise this ritual. Initially it was not indispensable for the women but if she serious such a custom she was highly respected by the society. Sati was considere d to be the better option than living as a widow as the plight of widows in Hindu society was even worse. Some of the scriptures like Medhatiti had different view it say that Sati is like committing suicide so one should avoid this.JauharIt is also more or less similar to Sati but it is a mass suicide. Jauhar was prevalent in the Raj vomit societies. In this custom wives immolated themselves spot their husbands were ease alive. Jauhar are also known to place a high profile on honour. When people of Raj ramble clan became sure that they were going to die at the hands of their enemy then all the women arrange a large-scale pyre and set themselves afire, while their husband used to armed combat the last decisive battle known as Shaka, with the enemy. Thus are defending the sanctity of the women and the whole clan.DevadasisDevadasi system is a religious place in some move of southern India, in which women are conjoin to a deity or temple. The ritual was well established by the 10 th century A.D. In the later period the illegitimate sexual exploitation of the Devadasis become a norm in some parts of India.Child MarriageIt was a norm in chivalric India. filles were unify off at the age of 8-10. They were not allowed access to education and were treat as the material being. The plight of women can be imagined by one of the shloka of Tulsidas where he writes r1 Dhol, gawar, shudra, pashu, nari, ye sab tadan ke adhikari. Meaning that are animals, illiterates, lower castes and women should be subjected to beating. Thus women were compared with animals and were get married off at an early age. The child marriage along with it tot up some more problems such as increased birth rate, pitiful health of women delinquent to repeated child compensateing and high fatality rate rate of women and children.Restriction on Widow RemarriageThe condition of widows in medieval India was very bad. They were not treating as human being and were subjected to a large number o f restrictions. They were imaginary to live religious life after their husband died and were not allowed entry in any celebration. Their being there in any good work was considered to be a bad omen. sometimes heads of widows were also shaved down. They were not allowed to remarry. Any woman remarrying was tactile propertyed down by the society. This cruelty on widows was one of the main reasons for the large number of women committing Sati. In medieval India living as a Hindu widow was a sort of a curse.Purdah SystemPurdah system is the practice among some communities of requiring women to cover their bodies so as to cover their skin and inter their form. It imposes restrictions on the mobility of women, it is curtails their right to interact freely and a symbolic of the domination of women. It does not reflect the religious teachings of either Hinduism or Islam, contrary to vulgar belief, although misconceptions are occurred due to the ignorance and prejudices of religious lead ers of both are faiths.Girl EducationThe girls of medieval India and above all Hindu society be not disposed(p) formal education. They were precondition education related to home plate chores. But a famous Indian philosopher Vatsyayana write that women were supposed to be perfect in sixty four arts which included cooking, spinning, grinding, knowledge of medicine, recitation and many more.C) Modern India PeriodModern India witnessed some developments in the status and social position of women. There were many reformers in India who worked for the improvement and upliftment of their other female counterparts. The Begum of Bhopal discarded the purdha and fought in the revolt of 1857. Many reformers measures to take away social stigmas from the society. Sir Sayyid Ahamad Khan established the Aligarh Muslim University for the spread of education among the Muslims. Among many the Widow Remarriage mould of 1856 was important. The education system was also elevated. English was intro duced in this period. Various female English writers like Sarojiini Naidu, Kamala Das made their front man felt in this period.In the modern times, women in India are condition freedom and right such as freedom of expression and equality, as well as right to get education. Women in Contemporary India are doing the same what a male can do. Various prestigious positions are held by Indian women. They are enjoying the ladies first facility in various fields. But still problems like dowry, female infanticide, sex selective abortion, health, domestic violence, crime and atrocities are prevalent in the society. Several acts have been passed to trounce all these problems. But illiteracy and lack of awareness are the obstacles in the path of Indian women to stand against these follies.British India PeriodWomens Struggle and Reformsthough women of India are not at par among her counterpart in western world but she is struggling hard to make her mark in mens world. We can count on certain names from the British India where women put the example of extraordinary bravery which even men might not be able to show. Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi was the one such woman. She was the one who put even British rulers to dishonour with her extraordinary feat in battle. She fought for her kingdom, which Dalhousie, British Governor General, had unlawfully annexed. She was in a true sense the leader of uprising of 1857. There are certain men who overlyk the cause of women in India. There have been social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Swami Vivekanand, Swami Dayananda Saraswati who have helped women gain their previous status in society.Raja Ram Mohan Roy born(p) on 22nd may 1772 he was the torchbearer of social reforms for the women. He was rigorously against the evils prevalent in society in his time. He is the one who has make women a great favour by abolishing Sati lawfully. It was due to his efforts that Lord William Bentinck illegalise the custo m of Sati in 1829. Though this law was not a great deterrent but it changed mindset of people to some extent. Ram Mohan Roy also did great work in the field of women education. He was against child marriage and favoured widow remarriage. He himself married a widow thus desktop the example for the whole society. Along with Dwarka Nath Tagore he founded Brahmo Samaj for the reform of Indian society and emancipation of women.Ishwar Chandra VidyasagarIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar was popularly well-known as Vidyasager, which means sea of knowledge. Testifying to his name he was truly the sea of knowledge. He was a pillar of social reform movement of Bengal in 19th century. He broadly read ancient Hindu scriptures and came to know that the gender divide which was prevalent in Bengal was not encoded in our ancient texts instead it is the politics to keep women confederate to men. He strongly supported women education in Bengal and went verge to door to persuade people to send their girl ch ild to develop. He also did a component part in the field of widow remarriage. He undefendable many schools for girls.Mahatma Jyotirao PhuleBorn on April 11, 1827, Pune, Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was a genuine philanthropist. He was the one to open first girl school in India. He is also credited with opening first home for widows of the upper caste and a home for newborn girl children so that they can be save from female infanticide.Swami Dayanand SaraswatiHe was the founder of Arya Samaj and gave a cry, back to Vedas. He translated Vedas from Sanskrit to Hindu so that a common man can read it and generalise that the Vedic Hindu scriptures gave utmost splendor to women. He emphasize for the equal rights for women in every field. He tried to change the mindset of people with his Vedic teachings.Mahatma GandhiThe social reformers of 19th century laid down the comprise for the emancipation of women but it was Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi under whose influence these reforms reache d volume. He was the one who turn Indian women from the rule of Purdah and other social evils. He brings them from their confinement and asked them to participate in the struggle for independence. According to him women should survive liberated from the slavery of kitchen only then their true potential could be realized. He said that liability of household is important for women but it should not be the only one. In fact she should arrive forward to carry on the responsibilities of nation.When Gandhi come to the step of Indian struggle for independence then the norm life span of Indian women was 27 years and only 2%women were educated this shows what a Herculean task it was to bring the women of India who was not getting her prefatorial rights to fight for the cause of the nation. But it was due to his efforts that so a lot of women like Sarojini Naidu, Vijayalakshmi Pandit, Aruna Asaf Ali, Sucheta Kriplani and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur came forward. He spread the message of equalit y of the gender to the masses and criticized the desire of Indian people to have male child instead of a female. Gandhiji was strictly beside the child marriage and favoured widow remarriage. He urged the youth to come forward and accept young widows as their life partner. He said that the girls are also capable of everything boys can do but the need of the time is to give them opportunities so that they can prove themselves. It was more often than not due to his efforts that when India get independence right to vote came naturally to Indian women whereas in other developed nations like England and America women got this right very late and that too after lot of protest.Spread of EducationThe idea of imparting education to women emerged in the British period. Earlier, it was almost universally hailed that since women need not earn their livelihood, there was no need of education for them. afterward the Bhakti Movement, the Christian Missionaries took interest in the education of t he girls. The Hunter Commission too emphasized on the need for female education in 1882. The Calcutta, Bombay and Madras institutions did not permit the admission of girls till 1875. It was only after 1882 that girls were allowed to go for high education. Since then, there has been a continuous progress in the extend of education among females. Though the number of girls studying at various levels was low, yet there has been a marked increase in the number of female students at every level from 1941 onwards.After Independence PeriodThe status of women in modern India is a sort of a paradox. If on one hand she is at the peak of ladder of success, on the other hand she is mutely suffering the violence afflicted on her by her own family members. As compared with past women in modern times have achieved a lot but in reality they have to still travel a long way. Their path is full of roadblocks. The women have left the secured domain of their home and are now in the battlefield of life , fully armoured with their talent. They had proved themselves. But in India they are yet to get their dues. The sex ratio of India shows that the Indian society is still discriminative against female. There are 933 females per special K males in India according to the census of 2001, which is much below the world average of 990 females. There are many problems which women in India have to go through daily. These problems have become the part and parcel of life of Indian women and some of them have accepted them as their fate.The main problems of Indian womens are includes- Malnutrition, silly Health, Maternal Mortality, need of education, Mistreatment, Overworked, Lack of Power, Marriage, destiny, female person infanticide/foeticide.MalnutritionGenerally in India, women are the one who eat last and least in the whole family. So they eat whatever is left after men folk are satiated. As a result most of the times their food breathing in does not contain the nutritional value waitd in maintaining the brawny body. In villages, sometimes women do not get to eat the whole meal due to poverty. The UNICEF report of 1996 clearly states that the women of South Asia are not given proper care, which results in higher level of malnutrition among the women of South Asia than anywhere else in the world. This nutritional deficiency has two major consequences for women first they become anaemic and second they never achieve their full growth, which leads to an unending motorbike of undergrowth as malnourished women cannot give birth to a honorable baby.Poor HealthThe malnutrition results in forgetful health of women. The women of India are prejudiced from the birth itself. They are not breastfed for long. In the want of a son the women wants to get pregnant as soon as possible which decreases the feel for period to the girl child whereas the male members get adequate care and nutrition. Women are not given the right to free movement that means that they cannot g o anywhere on their own if they want and they have to take the allowance of male member of family or have to take them along. This results in decrease in womens visit to doctor and she could not pay worry to her health as a result.Maternal MortalityThe mortality rate in India is among highest in the world. As females are not given proper attention, which results in the malnutrition and then they are married at an early age which leads to pregnancies at younger age when the body is not ready to bear the burden of a child. All this results in complications, which may lead to gynecological problems, which may become serious with time and may ultimately, lead to death.Lack of educationIn India women education never get its due share of awareness. From the medieval India women are debarred from the educational field. According to medieval awareness women require just household education and this perception of medieval India still persists in villages of India even today. Girls are sup posed to fulfil domestic duties and education becomes secondary coil for them whereas it is considered to be important for boys. Although scenario in urban areas has changed a lot and women are opting for higher education but majority of Indian population residing in villages still live in medieval times. The people of villages consider girls to be curse and they do not want to waste money and time on them as they think that women should be wedded off as soon as possible.The main reason for not sending girls to school is the short economic condition. Another reason is far off location of schools. In Indian society virginity and purity is given extreme importance during marriage and people are afraid to send their girl child to far off schools were male teacher teach them along with boys.The lack of education is the root reason for many other problems. An uneducated mother cannot look after her children properly and she is not aware of the fatal diseases and their cure, which leads to the poor health of the children. Uneducated people do not know about hygiene this lack of knowledge of hygiene may lead to poor health of the whole family.MistreatmentIn India violence against women is a common evil. not just in remote part but in cities also women bear the brunt. They are subjected to physical and mental violence. They are the one who work most but are not given their due. Women are safe anywhere neither at home nor at workplace. An hour a woman is raped in India and every 93 minutes a woman is burnt to death due to dowry problem. There are a lot of laws such as The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, The Hindu Succession Act of 1956, The Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856, The Hindu Women Right to Property Act of 1937, The Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961, to protect women and punishment is severe but the conviction rate of crime, atrocities and violence against women is very low in India.OverworkedIndian women work more than men of India but their work is hardly recogni zed as they mainly do untutored work. Their household chores is never counted as a work, if a woman is working in a field to help her husband it will also be not counted as a work. A study conducted by Mies in 1986 states that in Andhra Pradesh a woman works around 15 hours a day during the agricultural season whereas a male on an average works for around 7-8 hours.Lack of PowerIn India a large percentage of women do not have power. They cannot take decisions severally not even related to their own life. They have to take permission of male members for each and every issue. They dont have any say in important household matters and not in matter of their own marriage.MarriageThe family mainly fixes the marriages in India. The scenario in villages is very bad. The girl is not consulted but is told to marry a guy whom her family has chosen for him. They are taught to abide by the whims and fancies of their husbands. Going against the wishes of husband is considered to be a sin. In mar riage husband always has the upper hand. The groom and his parents show as if they are induce the girl by marrying her and in return they demand hefty dowry.DowryIts a serious issue. Courts are flooded with cases related to death due to dowry harassment by husband and in laws. In ancient times women were given Stridhan when they departed from the house of their parents. This amount of money was given to her as a gift which she can use on her and her children but her in-laws did not have any right on that amount. This amount was supposed to help the girl in time of need. Slowly this tradition became obligatory and took the form of dowry. Nowadays parents have to give hefty amount in dowry, the in laws of their girl are not concerned whether they can bear it or not. If a girl brings large amount of dowry she is given respect and is treated well in her new home and if she does not bring dowry according to expectations of her in laws then she has to suffer harassment. Due to this evil practice many newlywed women of India have to lose their lives.Female infanticide/foeticideAs women were supposed to be and in some areas of India are still considered to be curse by some strata of society their birth was taken as a burden. So in past times they were killed as soon as they were born. In some of the Rajput clans of Rajasthan newly born girl child was dropped in a large bowl of milk and was killed. Today with the help of technology the sex of the unborn baby is determined and if it is a girl child then it is aborted down. In all this procedure women do not have any say they have to do according to the wish of their husbands even if she does not want to abort she have any choice.DivorceThe divorce rate in India is not accordingly high compared to western countries but it does not mean that marriages are more lucky here. The cause behind low level of divorce rate is that it is look down by the society. It is regard as the sign of breakdown of marriage, particularly of women. She is treating as but she has committed some crime by divorcing her husband. In some community like Muslim women did not have the right to divorce their husband they were divorced at just the pronouncement of I divorce you by their husband thrice and they could not do anything take out to be the mute spectator. Recently Muslim Law Board has given right of divorce to women. After divorce women is entitled to get her Mehr for herself and her childrens sustenance. In Hindu society women obtain maintenance for themselves and their children after divorce.WOMENS MOVEMENTThat is evident fr