Chagas Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chagas malady - Essay ExampleMore special Kly, it is referred to as paleoparasitology (Ferreira et al., 2000). The discovery of the presumed parasite in the human remains is past extrapolated to the present relationship between the host and the parasiteChagas indisposition or American trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The reference exists in wild amongst various animal species constituting the sylvatic cycle (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The vector for its transmission is reduviid bug (family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae). These insects pass over in the crevices, nests or human dwellings in case of domestic cycle and emerge at shadow to feed upon the blood of their prey (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The infection is caused by rubbing of the bitten area where the parasite deposits the faecal proposition (Afuderheide et al., 2004). This leads to entry of the parasite into the blood stream from the breached skin or conjunctiva. Parasitemia may lead to astute man ifestations of myocarditis or meningoencephalitis that have a mortality rate of 10% (Afuderheide et al., 2004). The disease may progress to a chronic stage characterised by flare up of febrile episodes and progressive disparage to myocardium or gut leading to dilated cardiomyopathy or segmental paralysis of parts of gastrointestinal schema respectively (Afuderheide et al., 2004).Researchers to study the archaeological remains for the evide... These findings were supplemented by discovery of dwellings made of mud bricks, which is a common habitat of these bugs.Molecular studies included immunochemical methods and electron microscopy. Histological sections have also demonstrated the parasite change surface in desiccated mice wind (Bastos et al. 1996). However, the most vital tool that has enabled the authors to draw important inferences regarding the evolution and epidemiology of Chagas disease is the extraction and amplification of DNA segments of T. cruzi from mummified tissues. Origin of samples Atacama Desert with its dry hot winds and arid climate has been a arising of mummified tissues for many researchers (Ferreira et al., 2000 Afuderheide et al., 2004 Guhl et al., 2000). This type of climate favours the preservation of body tissues in a dehydrated form and well arrests its decomposition. Moreover, this geographical region coincides with the distribution of the disease, along coastal region of entropy America in Peru and Chile. South American natives buried their dead in shallow sandy soils that led to preservation of tissues in a desiccated mummified form Laboratory techniques This desiccated tissue is rehydrated and pulverised and DNA is extracted. The extracted DNA is then amplified utilise the Polymerase chain reaction. The amplified DNA participates in the hybridization process with standardised primers and probes under controlled conditions. Hybridisation of the DNA extracted from the mummified tissue samples with the probe nucleotides consti tutes a positive test result. Hybridisation can be identified by gelatine electrophoresis and analysis of bands by radioisotope techniques.Authentication and sources of error Concern has been raised